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Page last updated
Wed 06 Nov 2024

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Lampsilini

genus Cyrtonaias Crosse & Fischer, 1894: cladomics
     4 valid species

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 4

analyzed in 38 cladograms in 20 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 2, mean = 1.08

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 3
maximum number of included terminals = 2, mean = 2.0
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0


Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ tree


Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 13 0 2 33 10 10 0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram ***

                       +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
  +--------------------+                          
  |                    +-- Glebula                
  |                                               
--+  +-------------------- Potamilus              
  |  |                                            
  |  |                 +-- Truncilla              
  +--+  +--------------+                          
     |  |              +-- Ptychobranchus         
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +-------------- Pachynaias             
        |  |                                      
        |  |           +-- Cyrtonaias_explicata **   
        +--+  +--------+                          
           |  |        +-- Sphenonaias            
           |  |                                   
           +--+        +-- Lampsilis              
              |  +-----+                          
              |  |     +-- Ortmanniana            
              +--+                                
                 |  +----- Cambarunio             
                 +--+                             
                    |  +-- Epioblasma             
                    +--+                          
                       +-- Ligumia                

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 55 47 22 --

*** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

                                   +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
  +--------------------------------+                          
  |                                +-- Glebula                
  |                                                           
--+  +-------------------------------- Paetulunio             
  |  |                                                        
  |  |                             +-- Obliquaria             
  +--+  +--------------------------+                          
     |  |                          +-- Toxolasma              
     |  |                                                     
     |  |  +-------------------------- Sagittunio             
     +--+  |                                                  
        |  |              +----------- Potamilus              
        |  |              |                                   
        |  |  +-----------+        +-- Medionidus_conradicus  
        |  |  |           |  +-----+                          
        +--+  |           |  |     +-- Ptychobranchus         
           |  |           +--+                                
           |  |              |  +----- Medionidus_acutissimus 
           |  |              |  |                             
           |  |              +--+----- Lemiox                 
           |  |                 |                             
           |  |                 |  +-- Dromus                 
           +--+                 +--+                          
              |                    +-- Cyprogenia             
              |                                               
              |                 +----- Lampsilis_teres        
              |  +--------------+                             
              |  |              |  +-- Truncilla              
              |  |              +--+                          
              |  |                 +-- Ellipsaria             
              |  |                                            
              +--+  +----------------- Leaunio                
                 |  |                                         
                 |  |     +----------- Hamiota                
                 |  |     |                                   
                 |  |  +--+        +-- Lampsilis_fasciola     
                 +--+  |  |  +-----+                          
                    |  |  |  |     +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa  
                    |  |  +--+                                
                    |  |     |  +----- Lampsilis_ornata       
                    |  |     +--+                             
                    |  |        |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata        
                    +--+        +--+                          
                       |           +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
                       |                                      
                       |        +----- Venustaconcha          
                       |  +-----+                             
                       |  |     |  +-- Obovaria               
                       |  |     +--+                          
                       +--+        +-- Epioblasma             
                          |                                   
                          |  +-------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea  
                          +--+                                
                             |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
                             +--+                             
                                |  +-- Cambarunio             
                                +--+                          
                                   +-- Ligumia                

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 12 0 2 23 9 9 16.0
  +----------------------------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
  |                                                     
--+  +-------------------------- Ptychobranchus         
  |  |                                                  
  +--+  +----------------------- Ligumia                
     |  |                                               
     +--+  +-------------------- Potamilus              
        |  |                                            
        +--+  +----------------- Pachynaias             
           |  |                                         
           |  |              +-- Epioblasma             
           +--+  +-----------+                          
              |  |           +-- Truncilla              
              |  |                                      
              +--+           +-- Ortmanniana            
                 |  +--------+                          
                 |  |        +-- Lampsilis              
                 +--+                                   
                    |  +-------- Cambarunio             
                    +--+                                
                       |  +----- Sphenonaias_microdon__2
                       +--+                             
                          |  +-- Cyrtonaias_explicata **   
                          +--+                          
                             +-- Sphenonaias_microdon__1

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 13 0 2 24 10 10 5.0
              +-- Glebula                
  +-----------+                          
  |           +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
  |                                      
--+  +----------- Potamilus              
  |  |                                   
  |  |        +-- Ptychobranchus         
  +--+  +-----+                          
     |  |     +-- Truncilla              
     |  |                                
     |  |  +----- Ortmanniana            
     +--+  |                             
        |  +----- Epioblasma             
        |  |                             
        |  +----- Lampsilis              
        |  |                             
        +--+----- Ligumia                
           |                             
           +----- Cambarunio             
           |                             
           +----- Pachynaias             
           |                             
           |  +-- Cyrtonaias_explicata **   
           +--+                          
              +-- Sphenonaias            

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 101 42 22 --
           +----- Obliquaria                    
  +--------+                                    
  |        |  +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **       
  |        +--+                                 
  |           +-- Glebula                       
  |                                             
  |  +----------- Sagittunio                    
  |  |                                          
  |  +----------- Leaunio                       
  |  |                                          
  |  +----------- Potamilus                     
  |  |                                          
  |  +----------- Hamiota                       
  |  |                                          
  |  |        +-- Ellipsaria                    
--+  +--------+                                 
  |  |        +-- Truncilla                     
  |  |                                          
  |  |     +----- Lampsilis_teres               
  |  +-----+                                    
  |  |     |  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina       
  |  |     +--+                                 
  |  |        +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea         
  |  |                                          
  |  |     +----- Villosa                       
  |  +-----+                                    
  |  |     |  +-- Ligumia                       
  |  |     +--+                                 
  |  |        +-- Cambarunio                    
  |  |                                          
  +--+  +-------- Ortmanniana_pectorosa         
     +--+                                       
     |  |  +----- Lampsilis_ornata              
     |  +--+                                    
     |     |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium             
     |     +--+                                 
     |        +-- Lampsilis_ovata               
     |                                          
     |  +-------- Obovaria_olivaria             
     |  |                                       
     |  +-------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
     +--+                                       
     |  +-------- Epioblasma                    
     |  |                                       
     |  |  +----- Obovaria_unicolor             
     |  +--+                                    
     |     |  +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis        
     |     +--+                                 
     |        +-- Obovaria_subrotunda           
     |                                          
     |        +-- Ptychobranchus                
     |  +-----+                                 
     |  |     +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
     |  |                                       
     +--+  +----- Medionidus_conradicus         
        |  |                                    
        |  |  +-- Lemiox                        
        +--+--+                                 
           |  +-- Medionidus_acutissimus        
           |                                    
           |  +-- Dromus                        
           +--+                                 
              +-- Cyprogenia                    

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 13 4 4 --
  +----------- Potamilus              
--+                                   
  |  +-------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Ligumia                
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Lampsilis              
        +--+                          
           +-- Ortmanniana            

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 5 5 --
  +-- Glebula                
--+                          
  +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 25 0 0 --
-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 56 4 4 --
  +----------- Obliquaria             
--+                                   
  |  +-------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Leaunio                
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Lampsilis              
        +--+                          
           +-- Pachynaias             

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 41 4 3 --
-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 5 5 --
           +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
  +--------+                          
  |        +-- Glebula                
--+                                   
  |  +-------- Toxolasma              
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Potamilus              
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Ligumia                
        +--+                          
           +-- Ortmanniana            

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 5 5 --
-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 4 4 --
  +----------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
--+                                   
  |  +-------- Potamilus              
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Ligumia                
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Ortmanniana            
        +--+                          
           +-- Lampsilis              

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 4 4 --
  +----------- Potamilus              
--+                                   
  |  +-------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Ligumia                
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Ortmanniana            
        +--+                          
           +-- Lampsilis              

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 25 0 0 --
-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 24 0 0 --
-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 27 19 7 --
  +-------------- Obliquaria             
  |                                      
--+  +----------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
  |  |                                   
  |  |        +-- Pachynaias             
  +--+  +-----+                          
     |  |     +-- Lampsilis              
     |  |                                
     +--+     +-- Ellipsaria             
        |  +--+                          
        |  |  +-- Truncilla              
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Atlanticoncha          
           +--+                          
              +-- Potamilus              

Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 40 35 19 --
  +-- Glebula                
--+                          
  +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 5 5 --
  +-- Glebula                
--+                          
  +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 37 5 5 --
        +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Glebula                
  |                                
--+     +-- Lampsilis              
  |  +--+                          
  |  |  +-- Leaunio                
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Truncilla              
     +--+                          
        +-- Potamilus              

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 56 47 22 --
                                      +-- Paetulunio             
  +-----------------------------------+                          
  |                                   +-- Toxolasma              
  |                                                              
  |                                +----- Obliquaria             
  |  +-----------------------------+                             
--+  |                             |  +-- Glebula                
  |  |                             +--+                          
  |  |                                +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
  |  |                                                           
  |  |                             +----- Ptychobranchus         
  |  |                          +--+                             
  +--+                          |  |  +-- Dromus                 
     |                          |  +--+                          
     |  +-----------------------+     +-- Cyprogenia             
     |  |                       |                                
     |  |                       |  +----- Medionidus_conradicus  
     |  |                       +--+                             
     |  |                          |  +-- Medionidus_acutissimus 
     |  |                          +--+                          
     +--+                             +-- Lemiox                 
        |                                                        
        |  +----------------------------- Sagittunio             
        |  |                                                     
        |  +----------------------------- Potamilus              
        |  |                                                     
        |  |                          +-- Truncilla              
        +--+  +-----------------------+                          
           |  |                       +-- Ellipsaria             
           |  |                                                  
           |  |                       +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa  
           |  |                 +-----+                          
           |  |                 |     +-- Lampsilis_fasciola     
           +--+  +--------------+                                
              |  |              |  +----- Lampsilis_ornata       
              |  |              +--+                             
              |  |                 |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata        
              |  |                 +--+                          
              |  |                    +-- Lampsilis_cardium      
              +--+                                               
                 |                    +-- Ligumia                
                 |                 +--+                          
                 |                 |  +-- Cambarunio             
                 |  +--------------+                             
                 |  |              |  +-- Lampsilis_teres        
                 |  |              +--+                          
                 +--+                 +-- Hamiota                
                    |                                            
                    |  +----------------- Leaunio                
                    |  |                                         
                    +--+  +-------------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
                       |  |                                      
                       +--+  +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea  
                          |  |                                   
                          +--+  +-------- Obovaria_olivaria      
                             |  |                                
                             |  +-------- Venustaconcha          
                             +--+                                
                                +-------- Epioblasma             
                                |                                
                                |  +----- Obovaria_unicolor      
                                +--+                             
                                   |  +-- Obovaria_subrotunda    
                                   +--+                          
                                      +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis 

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 24 0 0 --
-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 35 4 4 --
-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 8 4 4 --
  +----------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
--+                                   
  |  +-------- Ortmanniana            
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Lampsilis              
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Potamilus              
        +--+                          
           +-- Ligumia                

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 41 4 3 --
-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 8 4 4 --
  +----------- Potamilus              
--+                                   
  |  +-------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Ligumia                
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Lampsilis              
        +--+                          
           +-- Ortmanniana            

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 40 1 1 --
-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 41 4 3 --
-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 4 4 --
  +----------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
--+                                   
  |  +-------- Potamilus              
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Ligumia                
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Ortmanniana            
        +--+                          
           +-- Lampsilis              

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 42 4 3 --
-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 56 4 4 --
  +----------- Obliquaria             
--+                                   
  |  +-------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Leaunio                
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Lampsilis              
        +--+                          
           +-- Pachynaias             

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 20 12 10 --
  +-------------------------- Toxolasma              
  |                                                  
--+  +----------------------- Obliquaria             
  |  |                                               
  |  |                    +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
  +--+  +-----------------+                          
     |  |                 +-- Glebula                
     |  |                                            
     +--+                 +-- Ptychobranchus         
        |  +--------------+                          
        |  |              +-- Lemiox                 
        |  |                                         
        +--+              +-- Venustaconcha          
           |  +-----------+                          
           |  |           +-- Obovaria               
           +--+                                      
              |  +----------- Hamiota                
              +--+                                   
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ovata        
                 +--+                                
                    |  +----- Ortmanniana            
                    +--+                             
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea    
                       +--+                          
                          +-- Lampsilis_hydiana      

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 5 5 --
           +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
  +--------+                          
  |        +-- Glebula                
--+                                   
  |  +-------- Toxolasma              
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Ortmanniana            
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Ligumia                
        +--+                          
           +-- Potamilus              

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 20 12 10 --
  +-------------------------- Toxolasma              
  |                                                  
--+  +----------------------- Obliquaria             
  |  |                                               
  |  |                    +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
  +--+  +-----------------+                          
     |  |                 +-- Glebula                
     |  |                                            
     +--+                 +-- Ptychobranchus         
        |  +--------------+                          
        |  |              +-- Lemiox                 
        |  |                                         
        +--+              +-- Venustaconcha          
           |  +-----------+                          
           |  |           +-- Obovaria               
           +--+                                      
              |  +----------- Hamiota                
              +--+                                   
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ovata        
                 +--+                                
                    |  +----- Ortmanniana            
                    +--+                             
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea    
                       +--+                          
                          +-- Lampsilis_hydiana      

Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 32 25 17 --
  +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
--+                          
  +-- Glebula                

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 5 5 --
-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 2-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 27 19 7 --
  +-------------- Obliquaria             
  |                                      
--+  +----------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **
  |  |                                   
  |  |        +-- Pachynaias             
  +--+  +-----+                          
     |  |     +-- Lampsilis              
     |  |                                
     +--+     +-- Ellipsaria             
        |  +--+                          
        |  |  +-- Truncilla              
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Atlanticoncha          
           +--+                          
              +-- Potamilus              

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 101 42 22 --
                       +-------- Toxolasma                     
  +--------------------+                                       
  |                    |  +----- Obliquaria                    
  |                    +--+                                    
  |                       |  +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis **       
  |                       +--+                                 
  |                          +-- Glebula                       
  |                                                            
  |              +-------------- Potamilus                     
  |              |                                             
  |              |     +-------- Medionidus_acutissimus        
--+              |  +--+                                       
  |  +-----------+  |  |  +----- Lemiox                        
  |  |           |  |  +--+                                    
  |  |           |  |     |  +-- Dromus                        
  |  |           |  |     +--+                                 
  |  |           +--+        +-- Cyprogenia                    
  |  |              |                                          
  |  |              |        +-- Sagittunio                    
  |  |              |     +--+                                 
  |  |              |     |  +-- Medionidus_conradicus         
  +--+              +-----+                                    
     |                    |  +-- Ptychobranchus                
     |                    +--+                                 
     |                       +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
     |                                                         
     |                       +-- Ellipsaria                    
     |  +--------------------+                                 
     |  |                    +-- Truncilla                     
     |  |                                                      
     |  |  +-------------------- Villosa                       
     +--+  |                                                   
        |  |                 +-- Obovaria_olivaria             
        |  |        +--------+                                 
        |  |        |        +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
        |  |  +-----+                                          
        +--+  |     |  +-------- Epioblasma                    
           |  |     +--+                                       
           |  |        |  +----- Obovaria_unicolor             
           |  |        +--+                                    
           |  |           |  +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis        
           |  |           +--+                                 
           |  |              +-- Obovaria_subrotunda           
           +--+                                                
              |        +-------- Hamiota                       
              |        |                                       
              |  +-----+     +-- Lampsilis_cardium             
              |  |     |  +--+                                 
              |  |     |  |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata               
              |  |     +--+                                    
              |  |        |  +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa         
              +--+        +--+                                 
                 |           +-- Lampsilis_ornata              
                 |                                             
                 |           +-- Ligumia                       
                 |  +--------+                                 
                 |  |        +-- Cambarunio                    
                 +--+                                          
                    |  +-------- Lampsilis_teres               
                    +--+                                       
                       |  +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina       
                       +--+                                    
                          |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea         
                          +--+                                 
                             +-- Leaunio                       

Page updated: 08:36:30 Wed 06 Nov 2024

 
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