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Page last updated
Wed 04 Dec 2024

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Parreysiinae | Indochinellini

genus Scabies Haas, 1911: cladomics
     8 valid species

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 8

analyzed in 43 cladograms in 25 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 8, mean = 3.51

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 24
maximum number of included terminals = 8, mean = 5.5
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.92


Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ tree


Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 8 54 21 7 0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram *** *** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

                                +-- Pseudoscabies     
  +-----------------------------+                     
  |                             +-- Indonaia          
--+                                                   
  |  +----------------------------- Indochinella      
  |  |                                                
  +--+  +-------------------------- Radiatula         
     |  |                                             
     +--+  +----------------------- Scabiellus        
        |  |                                          
        +--+  +-------------------- Harmandia         
           |  |                                       
           +--+  +----------------- Unionetta         
              |  |                                    
              +--+              +-- Scabies_crispata **  
                 |  +-----------+                     
                 |  |           +-- Scabies_mandarinus **
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----------- Scabies_nucleus **   
                    |  |                              
                    +--+        +-- Scabies_humilis **   
                       |  +-----+                     
                       |  |     +-- Scabies_pilata **    
                       +--+                           
                          |  +----- Scabies_phaselus **  
                          +--+                        
                             |  +-- Scabies_anceps **    
                             +--+                     
                                +-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 5 8 104 12 6 3.0
  +----------------------------------- Indonaia               
  |                                                           
--+  +-------------------------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                                        
  |  |                          +----- Radiatula_mouhoti      
  +--+  +-----------------------+                             
     |  |                       |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae   
     |  |                       +--+                          
     +--+                          +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii   
        |                                                     
        |  +-------------------------- Radiatula_crispisulcata
        |  |                                                  
        +--+  +----------------------- Scabiellus             
           |  |                                               
           +--+  +-------------------- Harmandia              
              |  |                                            
              +--+  +----------------- Unionetta              
                 |  |                                         
                 +--+  +-------------- Scabies_mandarinus **     
                    |  |                                      
                    +--+  +----------- Scabies_crispata **       
                       |  |                                   
                       +--+  +-------- Scabies_nucleus **        
                          |  |                                
                          +--+     +-- Scabies_humilis **        
                             |  +--+                          
                             |  |  +-- Scabies_pilata **         
                             +--+                             
                                |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **       
                                |  |                          
                                +--+-- Scabies_scobinatus **     
                                   |                          
                                   +-- Scabies_anceps **         

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 8 53 19 6 0.0
  +-------------------------------- Indonaia          
  |                                                   
--+  +----------------------------- Indochinella      
  |  |                                                
  +--+  +-------------------------- Radiatula         
     |  |                                             
     +--+  +----------------------- Scabiellus        
        |  |                                          
        +--+  +-------------------- Harmandia         
           |  |                                       
           +--+  +----------------- Unionetta         
              |  |                                    
              +--+              +-- Scabies_crispata **  
                 |  +-----------+                     
                 |  |           +-- Scabies_mandarinus **
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----------- Scabies_nucleus **   
                    |  |                              
                    +--+        +-- Scabies_humilis **   
                       |  +-----+                     
                       |  |     +-- Scabies_pilata **    
                       +--+                           
                          |  +----- Scabies_phaselus **  
                          +--+                        
                             |  +-- Scabies_anceps **    
                             +--+                     
                                +-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 8 50 18 6 6.0
  +-------------------------------------- Indonaia          
--+                                                         
  |  +----------------------------------- Indochinella      
  +--+                                                      
     |  +-------------------------------- Radiatula         
     +--+                                                   
        |  +----------------------------- Scabiellus        
        +--+                                                
           |  +-------------------------- Harmandia         
           +--+                                             
              |  +----------------------- Unionetta         
              +--+                                          
                 |  +-------------------- Scabies_crispata **  
                 +--+                                       
                    |  +----------------- Scabies_mandarinus **
                    +--+                                    
                       |  +-------------- Scabies_nucleus **   
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +----------- Scabies_pilata **    
                          +--+                              
                             |  +-------- Scabies_humilis **   
                             +--+                           
                                |  +----- Scabies_anceps **    
                                +--+                        
                                   |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **  
                                   +--+                     
                                      +-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 5 8 20 9 6 1.0
  +-------------------------------- Indonaia             
  |                                                      
--+  +----------------------------- Indochinella         
  |  |                                                   
  +--+  +-------------------------- Radiatula            
     |  |                                                
     +--+  +----------------------- Scabiellus           
        |  |                                             
        +--+  +-------------------- Unionetta_fabagina__2
           |  |                                          
           +--+  +----------------- Harmandia            
              |  |                                       
              +--+  +-------------- Unionetta_fabagina__1
                 |  |                                    
                 +--+           +-- Scabies_crispata **     
                    |  +--------+                        
                    |  |        +-- Scabies_mandarinus **   
                    +--+                                 
                       |  +-------- Scabies_nucleus **      
                       |  |                              
                       +--+     +-- Scabies_pilata **       
                          |  +--+                        
                          |  |  +-- Scabies_humilis **      
                          +--+                           
                             |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **     
                             |  |                        
                             +--+-- Scabies_anceps **       
                                |                        
                                +-- Scabies_scobinatus **   

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3922], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 8 15 10 6 8.0
  +-------------------------------------- Indonaia          
--+                                                         
  |  +----------------------------------- Indochinella      
  +--+                                                      
     |  +-------------------------------- Radiatula         
     +--+                                                   
        |  +----------------------------- Scabiellus        
        +--+                                                
           |  +-------------------------- Harmandia         
           +--+                                             
              |  +----------------------- Unionetta         
              +--+                                          
                 |  +-------------------- Scabies_crispata **  
                 +--+                                       
                    |  +----------------- Scabies_mandarinus **
                    +--+                                    
                       |  +-------------- Scabies_pilata **    
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +----------- Scabies_nucleus **   
                          +--+                              
                             |  +-------- Scabies_humilis **   
                             +--+                           
                                |  +----- Scabies_scobinatus **
                                +--+                        
                                   |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **  
                                   +--+                     
                                      +-- Scabies_anceps **    

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 4 8 74 6 6 6.0
  +----------------------- Indonaia          
  |                                          
--+  +-------------------- Indochinella      
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +----------------- Radiatula         
     |  |                                    
     +--+  +-------------- Scabiellus        
        |  |                                 
        |  |           +-- Unionetta         
        +--+  +--------+                     
           |  |        +-- Harmandia         
           |  |                              
           |  |        +-- Scabies_humilis **   
           +--+  +-----+                     
              |  |     +-- Scabies_pilata **    
              |  |                           
              |  |  +----- Scabies_crispata **  
              |  +--+                        
              +--+  |  +-- Scabies_nucleus **   
                 |  +--+                     
                 |     +-- Scabies_mandarinus **
                 |                           
                 |     +-- Scabies_phaselus **  
                 |     |                     
                 +-----+-- Scabies_anceps **    
                       |                     
                       +-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 8 110 13 6 4.0
  +----------------------------- Indonaia          
  |                                                
--+  +-------------------------- Indochinella      
  |  |                                             
  +--+  +----------------------- Radiatula         
     |  |                                          
     +--+  +-------------------- Scabiellus        
        |  |                                       
        |  |                 +-- Unionetta         
        +--+  +--------------+                     
           |  |              +-- Harmandia         
           |  |                                    
           +--+  +-------------- Scabies_nucleus **   
              |  |                                 
              |  |           +-- Scabies_crispata **  
              +--+  +--------+                     
                 |  |        +-- Scabies_mandarinus **
                 |  |                              
                 +--+        +-- Scabies_humilis **   
                    |  +-----+                     
                    |  |     +-- Scabies_pilata **    
                    +--+                           
                       |  +----- Scabies_anceps **    
                       +--+                        
                          |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **  
                          +--+                     
                             +-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 8 50 18 6 10.0
  +----------------------------------- Indonaia          
  |                                                      
--+  +-------------------------------- Indochinella      
  |  |                                                   
  +--+  +----------------------------- Radiatula         
     |  |                                                
     +--+  +-------------------------- Scabiellus        
        |  |                                             
        +--+  +----------------------- Harmandia         
           |  |                                          
           +--+  +-------------------- Unionetta         
              |  |                                       
              +--+  +----------------- Scabies_crispata **  
                 |  |                                    
                 +--+              +-- Scabies_humilis **   
                    |  +-----------+                     
                    |  |           +-- Scabies_mandarinus **
                    +--+                                 
                       |  +----------- Scabies_nucleus **   
                       +--+                              
                          |  +-------- Scabies_pilata **    
                          +--+                           
                             |  +----- Scabies_anceps **    
                             +--+                        
                                |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **  
                                +--+                     
                                   +-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 8 55 21 7 6.0
                                      +-- Pseudoscabies     
  +-----------------------------------+                     
  |                                   +-- Indonaia          
--+                                                         
  |  +----------------------------------- Indochinella      
  +--+                                                      
     |  +-------------------------------- Radiatula         
     +--+                                                   
        |  +----------------------------- Scabiellus        
        +--+                                                
           |  +-------------------------- Harmandia         
           +--+                                             
              |  +----------------------- Unionetta         
              +--+                                          
                 |  +-------------------- Scabies_crispata **  
                 +--+                                       
                    |  +----------------- Scabies_mandarinus **
                    +--+                                    
                       |  +-------------- Scabies_nucleus **   
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +----------- Scabies_pilata **    
                          +--+                              
                             |  +-------- Scabies_humilis **   
                             +--+                           
                                |  +----- Scabies_anceps **    
                                +--+                        
                                   |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **  
                                   +--+                     
                                      +-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 8 53 19 6 10.0
  +----------------------------------- Indonaia          
  |                                                      
--+  +-------------------------------- Indochinella      
  |  |                                                   
  +--+  +----------------------------- Radiatula         
     |  |                                                
     +--+  +-------------------------- Scabiellus        
        |  |                                             
        +--+  +----------------------- Harmandia         
           |  |                                          
           +--+  +-------------------- Unionetta         
              |  |                                       
              +--+  +----------------- Scabies_crispata **  
                 |  |                                    
                 +--+              +-- Scabies_humilis **   
                    |  +-----------+                     
                    |  |           +-- Scabies_mandarinus **
                    +--+                                 
                       |  +----------- Scabies_nucleus **   
                       +--+                              
                          |  +-------- Scabies_pilata **    
                          +--+                           
                             |  +----- Scabies_anceps **    
                             +--+                        
                                |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **  
                                +--+                     
                                   +-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 8 50 18 6 0.0
  +-------------------------------- Indonaia          
  |                                                   
--+  +----------------------------- Indochinella      
  |  |                                                
  +--+  +-------------------------- Radiatula         
     |  |                                             
     +--+  +----------------------- Scabiellus        
        |  |                                          
        +--+  +-------------------- Harmandia         
           |  |                                       
           +--+  +----------------- Unionetta         
              |  |                                    
              +--+              +-- Scabies_crispata **  
                 |  +-----------+                     
                 |  |           +-- Scabies_mandarinus **
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----------- Scabies_nucleus **   
                    |  |                              
                    +--+        +-- Scabies_humilis **   
                       |  +-----+                     
                       |  |     +-- Scabies_pilata **    
                       +--+                           
                          |  +----- Scabies_phaselus **  
                          +--+                        
                             |  +-- Scabies_anceps **    
                             +--+                     
                                +-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 7 5 4 135 7 3 9.0
  +-------------- Indonaia          
  |                                 
--+           +-- Indochinella      
  |  +--------+                     
  |  |        +-- Scabies_crispata **  
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Radiatula         
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Scabies_mandarinus **
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Scabies_humilis **   
           +--+                     
              +-- Scabies_phaselus **  

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 7 5 4 135 7 3 9.0
  +-------------- Indonaia          
  |                                 
--+           +-- Indochinella      
  |  +--------+                     
  |  |        +-- Scabies_crispata **  
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Radiatula         
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Scabies_mandarinus **
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Scabies_humilis **   
           +--+                     
              +-- Scabies_phaselus **  

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 195 9 3 7.0
  +-------------- Indonaia          
--+                                 
  |  +----------- Indochinella      
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Radiatula         
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Scabies_humilis **   
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **  
           +--+                     
              +-- Scabies_mandarinus **

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 0 3 33 5 3 6.0
  +----------- Indonaia            
  |                                
--+  +-------- Indochinella        
  |  |                             
  |  |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti   
  +--+  |                          
     |  +----- Radiatula_myitkyinae
     |  |                          
     +--+----- Radiatula_chaudhurii
        |                          
        |  +-- Scabies_humilis **     
        |  |                       
        +--+-- Scabies_phaselus **    
           |                       
           +-- Scabies_mandarinus **  

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 193 9 3 7.0
  +-------------- Indonaia          
--+                                 
  |  +----------- Indochinella      
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Radiatula         
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Scabies_phaselus **  
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Scabies_humilis **   
           +--+                     
              +-- Scabies_mandarinus **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 0 3 49 9 3 6.0
  +----------- Indonaia          
  |                              
--+  +-------- Indochinella      
  |  |                           
  +--+  +----- Radiatula         
     |  |                        
     +--+  +-- Scabies_humilis **   
        |  |                     
        +--+-- Scabies_mandarinus **
           |                     
           +-- Scabies_phaselus **  

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 0 3 122 9 3 6.0
  +-------- Indochinella      
  |                           
--+  +----- Radiatula         
  |  |                        
  +--+  +-- Scabies_humilis **   
     |  |                     
     +--+-- Scabies_phaselus **  
        |                     
        +-- Scabies_mandarinus **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 80 8 3 5.0
  +-------------- Indonaia          
--+                                 
  |  +----------- Indochinella      
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Radiatula         
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Scabies_mandarinus **
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Scabies_humilis **   
           +--+                     
              +-- Scabies_phaselus **  

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 0 3 33 5 3 6.0
  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti   
  |                          
  +----- Radiatula_myitkyinae
  |                          
  +----- Radiatula_chaudhurii
  |                          
--+----- Indochinella        
  |                          
  +----- Indonaia            
  |                          
  |  +-- Scabies_humilis **     
  |  |                       
  +--+-- Scabies_phaselus **    
     |                       
     +-- Scabies_mandarinus **  

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 195 9 3 7.0
  +-------------- Indonaia          
--+                                 
  |  +----------- Indochinella      
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Radiatula         
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Scabies_humilis **   
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **  
           +--+                     
              +-- Scabies_mandarinus **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 19 0 0 --
  +-- Scabies_scobinatus **
--+                     
  +-- Scabies_crispata **  

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 19 0 0 --
  +-- Scabies_scobinatus **
--+                     
  +-- Scabies_crispata **  

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 68 0 0 --
-- Scabies_crispata

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 68 0 0 --
-- Scabies_crispata

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 --
-- Scabies_crispata

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 68 0 0 --
-- Scabies_crispata

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 0 0 --
-- Scabies_crispata

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 56 3 3 --
  +-------- Indonaia        
--+                         
  |  +----- Indochinella    
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **
     +--+                   
        +-- Harmandia       

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 90 4 2 --
  +----- Indonaia        
--+                      
  |  +-- Scabies_crispata **
  +--+                   
     +-- Radiatula       

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 39 2 2 --
  +----- Indochinella      
--+                        
  |  +-- Radiatula         
  +--+                     
     +-- Scabies_mandarinus **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 12 0 0 --
-- Scabies_scobinatus

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
-- Scabies_crispata

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 0 0 --
-- Scabies_crispata

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 28 0 0 --
-- Scabies_crispata

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
-- Scabies_crispata

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 33 0 0 --
-- Scabies_crispata

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 56 3 3 --
  +-------- Indonaia        
--+                         
  |  +----- Indochinella    
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **
     +--+                   
        +-- Harmandia       

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 19 0 0 --
-- Scabies_phaselus

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 14 0 0 --
-- Scabies_crispata

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 90 4 2 --
  +----------- Indonaia            
--+                                
  |  +-------- Radiatula_myitkyinae
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Scabies_crispata **    
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Radiatula_mouhoti   
        +--+                       
           +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 30 2 2 --
  +----- Indochinella      
--+                        
  |  +-- Radiatula         
  +--+                     
     +-- Scabies_mandarinus **

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