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Page last updated
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The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

This page documents data for Campbell & Lydeard (2012), such as genera and species attributed to that publication (including known misspellings, misidentifications, and other unavailable names) as well as taxonomic opinions, if available. Taxonomic opinions refer to uses of genera and species as valid and invalid in that work.

The MUSSEL Project Database has moved to a new server, with a new URL! The new address for this page is: https://musselpdb.org/db.php?ty=publ&id=3309

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Publication information

Campbell, D.C. & C. Lydeard. 2012. The genera of the Pleurobemini (Bivalvia: Unionidae: Ambleminae). American Malacological Bulletin 30(1): 19-38.

Click here for online access.

Cladogram Figures

(click the figure number to see the cladogram)

fig. 1-2
fig. 3

Attributed Genus Names

Reginaia Campbell & Lydeard, 2012
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012, Amer. Malac. Bull. 30(1): 15.
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012, Amer. Malac. Bull. 30(1): 31.
Type species: Unio ebenus Lea, 1831 (orig. desig.) = Reginaia ebenus

Attributed Species Names

Unio carolinensis Mörch, 1853
‘Bosc’ of Authors.
Mörch, 1853, Cat. Conch. Yoldi 2: 46.
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012, Amer. Malac. Bull. 30(1): 33.
(error for Unio caroliniana Bosc, 1801)

Quadrula nobilis Campbell et al., 2005
‘Conrad’ of Authors.
Campbell et al., 2005, Invert. Biol. 124(2): 155. [in part]
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012, Amer. Malac. Bull. 30(1): 23. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Unio nobilis Conrad, 1854)

Pleurobema beadlianum Campbell et al., 2008
‘Lea’ of Authors.
Campbell et al., 2008, Molec. Ecol. Res. 8: 718.
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012, Amer. Malac. Bull. 30(1): 29.
Perkins et al., 2017, Conserv. Genet. 18: 752.
(error for Unio beadleianus Lea, 1861)

Anodonta digonata Campbell & Lydeard, 2012
‘Rafinesque’ Campbell & Lydeard, 2012, Amer. Malac. Bull. 30(1): 31.
(error for Anodonta (Flexiplis?) digonota Rafinesque, 1831)

Taxonomic Opinions

Amblema elliottii (Lea, 1856)

Amblema plicata (Say, 1817)

Dromus dromas (Lea, 1834)

Elliptio (Eurynia) dilatata (Rafinesque, 1820)

Elliptio arca (Conrad, 1834)

Elliptio arctata (Conrad, 1834)

Elliptio complanata (Lightfoot, 1786)
+ Unio purpurascens Lamarck, 1819

Elliptio crassidens (Lamarck, 1819)
+ Unio (Elliptio) nigra Rafinesque, 1820

Elliptio mcmichaeli Clench & Turner, 1956

Elliptio pullata (Lea, 1856)

Elliptio purpurella (Lea, 1857)

Elliptio shepardiana (Lea, 1834)
+ Unio sheppardianus Catlow & Reeve, 1845

Elliptoideus sloatianus (Lea, 1840)

Epioblasma rangiana (Lea, 1838)

Fusconaia burkei (Walker, 1922)

Fusconaia cerina (Conrad, 1838)

Fusconaia cor (Conrad, 1834)

Fusconaia cuneolus (Lea, 1840)

Fusconaia escambia Clench & Turner, 1956

Fusconaia flava (Rafinesque, 1820)
+ Unio trigonus Lea, 1831

Fusconaia masoni (Conrad, 1834)
+ Unio subplanus Conrad, 1837

Fusconaia ozarkensis (Call, 1887)

Fusconaia subrotunda (Lea, 1831)

Glebula rotundata (Lamarck, 1819)

Hemistena lata (Rafinesque, 1820)
+ Odatelia radiata Rafinesque, 1832
+ Unio (Sayunio) dehiscens var. oriensopsis de Gregorio, 1914

Lampsilis ovata (Say, 1817)

Lampsilis virescens (Lea, 1858)

Lemiox rimosus (Rafinesque, 1831)

Obliquaria reflexa (Rafinesque, 1820)

Obovaria jacksoniana
+ Unio castaneus Lea, 1831

Plectomerus dombeyanus (Valenciennes, 1827)

Plethobasus cicatricosus (Say, 1829)

Plethobasus cooperianus (Lea, 1834)

Plethobasus cyphyus (Rafinesque, 1820)
+ Unio aesopus Green, 1827

Pleurobema (Sintoxia) cordatum (Rafinesque, 1820)

Pleurobema (Sintoxia) plena (Lea, 1840)

Pleurobema (Sintoxia) riddellii (Lea, 1862)

Pleurobema (Sintoxia) rubrum (Rafinesque, 1820)
+ Obliquaria (Scalenaria) obliquata Rafinesque, 1820

Pleurobema (Sintoxia) sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820)

Pleurobema athearni Gangloff et al., 2006
+ Pleurobema georgianum Campbell et al., 2005

Pleurobema beadlianum [sic] (Lea, 1861)

Pleurobema clava (Lamarck, 1819)
+ Pleurobema mytiloides Rafinesque, 1820
+ Obliquaria (Scalenaria) scalenia Rafinesque, 1820

Pleurobema collina (Conrad, 1837)

Pleurobema decisum (Lea, 1831)

Pleurobema furvum (Conrad, 1834)

Pleurobema georgianum (Lea, 1841)

Pleurobema hanleyianum (Lea, 1852)

Pleurobema oviforme (Conrad, 1834)

Pleurobema perovatum (Conrad, 1834)

Pleurobema pyriforme (Lea, 1857)

Pleurobema stabilis

Pleurobema strodeanum (Wright, 1898)

Pleurobema taitianum (Lea, 1834)

Pleuronaia barnesiana (Lea, 1838)

Pleuronaia dolabelloides (Lea, 1840)

Pleuronaia gibbera (Lea, 1838)

Popenaias popeii

Potamilus alatus (Say, 1817)

Potamilus capax (Green, 1832)

Pseudoon olivarium (Rafinesque, 1820)
+ Unio ellipsis Lea, 1828

Quadrula nobilis

Quadrula quadrula

Quadrula rumphiana (Lea, 1852)

Reginaia apalachicola (Williams & Fradkin, 1999)

Reginaia ebenus (Lea, 1831)

Reginaia rotulata (Wright, 1899)

Rotundaria infucata

Rotundaria kleiniana

Rotundaria pustulosa

Rotundaria refulgens (Lea, 1868)

Rotundaria succissa

Rotundaria tuberculata (Rafinesque, 1820)

Theliderma metanevra

Toxolasma lividum (Rafinesque, 1831)

Tritogonia verrucosa (Rafinesque, 1820)

Uniomerus carolinensis [sic] (Bosc, 1801)

Uniomerus columbensis (Lea, 1857)

Uniomerus declivis (Say, 1831)

Uniomerus tetralasmus (Say, 1831)

Venustaconcha ellipsiformis (Conrad, 1836)

Venustaconcha pleasii (Marsh, 1891)
+ Venustaconcha pleasii Campbell et al., 2005

Villosa fabalis (Lea, 1831)

Cladogram Figure 1-2
                                         +-- Uniomerus_declivis         
                       +-----------------+                              
                       |                 +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus      
  +--------------------+                                                
  |                    |  +----------------- Theliderma_metanevra       
  |                    |  |                                             
  |                    +--+  +-------------- Quadrula_verrucosa         
  |                       |  |                                          
  |                       |  |           +-- Quadrula_quadrula          
  |                       +--+  +--------+                              
  |                          |  |        +-- Quadrula_nobilis           
  |                          |  |                                       
  |                          +--+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata         
  |                             |  +-----+                              
  |                             |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana        
  |                             +--+                                    
  |                                |  +----- Cyclonaias_tuberculata     
  |                                +--+                                 
  |                                   |  +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa        
  |                                   +--+                              
  |                                      +-- Pustulosa_succissa         
  |                                                                     
  |                                   +----- Plectomerus_dombeyanus     
  |                 +-----------------+                                 
  |                 |                 |  +-- Reginaia_ebenus            
  |                 |                 +--+                              
--+                 |                    +-- Reginaia_rotulata          
  |                 |                                                   
  |                 |                 +----- Popenaias_popeii           
  |  +--------------+  +--------------+                                 
  |  |              |  |              |  +-- Amblema_elliottii          
  |  |              |  |              +--+                              
  |  |              |  |                 +-- Amblema_plicata            
  |  |              |  |                                                
  |  |              |  |  +----------------- Potamilus_alatus           
  |  |              +--+  |                                             
  |  |                 |  +----------------- Potamilus_capax            
  |  |                 |  |                                             
  |  |                 |  +----------------- Glebula_rotundata          
  |  |                 |  |                                             
  |  |                 |  |              +-- Toxolasma_lividum          
  |  |                 |  +--------------+                              
  |  |                 +--+              +-- Paetulunio_fabalis         
  |  |                    |                                             
  |  |                    |              +-- Dromus_dromas              
  |  |                    +--------------+                              
  |  |                    |              +-- Lemiox_rimosus             
  |  |                    |                                             
  |  |                    |              +-- Lampsilis_ovata            
  +--+                    |  +-----------+                              
     |                    |  |           +-- Obliquaria_reflexa         
     |                    +--+                                          
     |                       |  +----------- Lampsilis_virescens        
     |                       |  |                                       
     |                       +--+        +-- Epioblasma_rangiana        
     |                          |  +-----+                              
     |                          |  |     +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis     
     |                          +--+                                    
     |                             |  +----- Obovaria_olivaria          
     |                             +--+                                 
     |                                |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
     |                                +--+                              
     |                                   +-- Venustaconcha_pleasii      
     |                                                                  
     |  +----------------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus    
     |  |                                                               
     |  |  +-------------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile         
     |  |  |                                                            
     |  |  |                             +-- Pleurobema_clava           
     |  |  |                 +-----------+                              
     +--+  |                 |           +-- Pleurobema_oviforme        
        |  |                 |                                          
        |  |  +--------------+  +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme       
        |  |  |              |  |                                       
        |  |  |              |  |        +-- Pleurobema_athearni        
        |  |  |              |  |     +--+                              
        +--+  |              +--+     |  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum      
           |  |                 |  +--+                                 
           |  |                 |  |  |  +-- Pleurobema_decisum         
           |  |                 |  |  +--+                              
           |  |                 |  |     +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum     
           |  |                 +--+                                    
           |  |                    |  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum     
           |  |                    |  |                                 
           |  |                    |  +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum      
           |  |                    +--+                                 
           +--+                       +----- Pleurobema_rubellum        
              |                       |                                 
              |                       |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum       
              |                       +--+                              
              |                          +-- Pleurobema_taitianum       
              |                                                         
              |                       +----- Pleurobema_riddellii       
              |  +--------------------+                                 
              |  |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia        
              |  |                    +--+                              
              |  |                       +-- Pleurobema_cordatum        
              |  |                                                      
              |  |        +----------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda       
              |  |        |                                             
              |  |  +-----+              +-- Fusconaia_cor              
              +--+  |     |  +-----------+                              
                 |  |     |  |           +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus         
                 |  |     +--+                                          
                 |  |        |  +----------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis       
                 |  |        |  |                                       
                 |  |        +--+        +-- Fusconaia_escambia         
                 |  |           |  +-----+                              
                 |  |           |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei           
                 |  |           +--+                                    
                 +--+              |  +----- Fusconaia_masoni           
                    |              +--+                                 
                    |                 |  +-- Fusconaia_flava            
                    |                 +--+                              
                    |                    +-- Fusconaia_cerina           
                    |                                                   
                    |                 +----- Pleuronaia_gibber          
                    |  +--------------+                                 
                    |  |              |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana      
                    |  |              +--+                              
                    |  |                 +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides   
                    +--+                                                
                       |                 +-- Eurynia_dilatata           
                       |  +--------------+                              
                       |  |              +-- Parvaspina_collina         
                       |  |                                             
                       +--+              +-- Hemistena_lata             
                          |  +-----------+                              
                          |  |           +-- Plethobasus_cyphyus        
                          |  |                                          
                          +--+  +----------- Elliptio_shepardiana       
                             |  |                                       
                             |  |  +-------- Elliptio_complanata        
                             +--+  |                                    
                                |  |  +----- Elliptio_purpurella        
                                |  +--+                                 
                                |  |  |  +-- Elliptio_arca              
                                +--+  +--+                              
                                   |     +-- Elliptio_arctata           
                                   |                                    
                                   |     +-- Elliptio_mcmichaeli        
                                   |     |                              
                                   +-----+-- Elliptio_pullata           
                                         |                              
                                         +-- Elliptio_crassidens
Cladogram Figure 3
                                      +-- Uniomerus_declivis         
                       +--------------+                              
                       |              +-- Uniomerus_tetralasmus      
                       |                                             
  +--------------------+              +-- Quadrula_verrucosa         
  |                    |  +-----------+                              
  |                    |  |           +-- Quadrula_nobilis           
  |                    |  |                                          
  |                    +--+  +----------- Quadrula_quadrula          
  |                       |  |                                       
  |                       |  +----------- Theliderma_metanevra       
  |                       +--+                                       
  |                          |        +-- Pustulosa_infucata         
  |                          |  +-----+                              
  |                          |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana        
  |                          +--+                                    
  |                             |  +----- Cyclonaias_tuberculata     
  |                             +--+                                 
  |                                |  +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa        
  |                                +--+                              
  |                                   +-- Pustulosa_succissa         
  |                                                                  
  |                                   +-- Amblema_elliottii          
  |                                +--+                              
  |                                |  +-- Amblema_plicata            
  |     +--------------------------+                                 
  |     |                          |  +-- Reginaia_ebenus            
--+     |                          +--+                              
  |     |                             +-- Reginaia_rotulata          
  |  +--+                                                            
  |  |  |  +----------------------------- Popenaias_popeii           
  |  |  |  |                                                         
  |  |  |  |                          +-- Glebula_rotundata          
  |  |  +--+  +-----------------------+                              
  |  |     |  |                       +-- Paetulunio_fabalis         
  |  |     |  |                                                      
  |  |     +--+                       +-- Toxolasma_lividum          
  |  |        |  +--------------------+                              
  |  |        |  |                    +-- Plectomerus_dombeyanus     
  |  |        |  |                                                   
  |  |        +--+  +-------------------- Obliquaria_reflexa         
  |  |           |  |                                                
  |  |           |  |                 +-- Dromus_dromas              
  |  |           |  |              +--+                              
  |  |           +--+              |  +-- Lemiox_rimosus             
  |  |              |  +-----------+                                 
  |  |              |  |           |  +-- Potamilus_alatus           
  |  |              |  |           +--+                              
  |  |              +--+              +-- Potamilus_capax            
  |  |                 |                                             
  |  |                 |  +-------------- Lampsilis_ovata            
  +--+                 |  |                                          
     |                 +--+  +----------- Lampsilis_virescens        
     |                    |  |                                       
     |                    +--+        +-- Epioblasma_rangiana        
     |                       |  +-----+                              
     |                       |  |     +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis     
     |                       +--+                                    
     |                          |  +----- Obovaria_olivaria          
     |                          +--+                                 
     |                             |  +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis
     |                             +--+                              
     |                                +-- Venustaconcha_pleasii      
     |                                                               
     |  +-------------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus    
     |  |                                                            
     |  |                             +-- Eurynia_dilatata           
     |  |  +--------------------------+                              
     |  |  |                          +-- Parvaspina_collina         
     |  |  |                                                         
     |  |  |                          +-- Hemistena_lata             
     |  |  +--------------------------+                              
     |  |  |                          +-- Plethobasus_cyphyus        
     +--+  |                                                         
        |  |                 +----------- Elliptio_shepardiana       
        |  |                 |                                       
        |  |                 |     +----- Elliptio_crassidens        
        |  +-----------------+  +--+                                 
        |  |                 |  |  |  +-- Elliptio_mcmichaeli        
        |  |                 |  |  +--+                              
        |  |                 +--+     +-- Elliptio_pullata           
        |  |                    |                                    
        |  |                    |  +----- Elliptio_complanata        
        +--+                    |  |                                 
           |                    +--+  +-- Elliptio_purpurella        
           |                       |  |                              
           |                       +--+-- Elliptio_arca              
           |                          |                              
           |                          +-- Elliptio_arctata           
           |                                                         
           |                       +----- Pleuronaia_gibber          
           |  +--------------------+                                 
           |  |                    |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana      
           |  |                    +--+                              
           |  |                       +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides   
           |  |                                                      
           |  |           +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis       
           |  |           |                                          
           |  |           |        +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda       
           |  |  +--------+  +-----+                                 
           +--+  |        |  |     |  +-- Fusconaia_cor              
              |  |        |  |     +--+                              
              |  |        |  |        +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus         
              |  |        +--+                                       
              |  |           |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia         
              |  |           |  +-----+                              
              |  |           |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei           
              |  |           +--+                                    
              |  |              |  +----- Fusconaia_masoni           
              +--+              +--+                                 
                 |                 |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina           
                 |                 +--+                              
                 |                    +-- Fusconaia_flava            
                 |                                                   
                 |                 +----- Pleurobema_riddellii       
                 |  +--------------+                                 
                 |  |              |  +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia        
                 |  |              +--+                              
                 |  |                 +-- Pleurobema_cordatum        
                 +--+                                                
                    |  +----------------- Pleurobema_stabile         
                    |  |                                             
                    |  |     +----------- Pleurobema_strodeanum      
                    |  |  +--+                                       
                    +--+  |  |  +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum        
                       |  |  +--+                                    
                       |  |     |  +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum     
                       |  |     +--+                                 
                       |  |        |  +-- Pleurobema_perovatum       
                       +--+        +--+                              
                          |           +-- Pleurobema_taitianum       
                          |                                          
                          |           +-- Pleurobema_clava           
                          |  +--------+                              
                          |  |        +-- Pleurobema_oviforme        
                          +--+                                       
                             |  +-------- Pleurobema_pyriforme       
                             |  |                                    
                             +--+     +-- Pleurobema_athearni        
                                |  +--+                              
                                |  |  +-- Pleurobema_georgianum      
                                +--+                                 
                                   |  +-- Pleurobema_decisum         
                                   +--+                              
                                      +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum

Page updated: 08:34:36 Sun 07 Sep 2025
 
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