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Page last updated
Sun 06 Oct 2024

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida

superfamily ETHERIOIDEA Deshayes, 1832: cladomics
     3 families

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 112
number of subtaxa (rank: family) = 3

analyzed in 69 cladograms in 37 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 10, mean = 4.29
maximum number of subtaxa (family) in an analysis = 3, mean = 2.32

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 58
maximum number of included terminals = 10, mean = 4.91
maximum number of subtaxa (family) = 3, mean = 2.57
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.93

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 58
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (family) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (superfamily).
maximum number of included terminals = 10, mean = 4.91
maximum number of subtaxa (family) = 3, mean = 2.57
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.93

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ tree

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 3 74 73 3 0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram *** *** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

  +----------------------------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                                    
  |  +-------------------------------- Margaritiferidae
--+  |                                                 
  |  |                       +-------- Iridininae **      
  |  |  +--------------------+                         
  +--+  |                    |  +----- Aspathariinae **   
     |  |                    +--+                      
     |  |                       |  +-- Etheriidae **      
     |  |                       +--+                   
     +--+                          +-- Mycetopodidae **   
        |                                              
        |  +-------------------------- Parreysiinae    
        |  |                                           
        |  |  +----------------------- Unioninae       
        +--+  |                                        
           |  |              +-------- Rectidentini    
           |  |  +-----------+                         
           +--+  |           |  +----- Lens            
              |  |           +--+                      
              |  |              |  +-- Physunio        
              |  |              +--+                   
              +--+                 +-- unionoid        
                 |                                     
                 |  +----------------- Ambleminae      
                 |  |                                  
                 |  |              +-- Chamberlainiini 
                 +--+  +-----------+                   
                    |  |           +-- Lamprotulini    
                    |  |                               
                    +--+           +-- Parvasolenaia   
                       |  +--------+                   
                       |  |        +-- Pseudodontini   
                       +--+                            
                          |  +-------- Sinosolenaia    
                          +--+                         
                             |  +----- Gonidea         
                             +--+                      
                                |  +-- Microcondylaea  
                                +--+                   
                                   +-- Leguminaia

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 3 186 184 2 6.0 
  +----------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unionoidea      
  |  |                               
  |  |           +-- Anodontites **     
  +--+  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Iridininae **      
     |  |                            
     +--+        +-- Etheriidae **      
        |  +-----+                   
        |  |     +-- Aspathariinae **   
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Mycetopodinae **   
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Lamproscapha **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 3 36 35 2 12.0 
  +----------------------- Parreysiinae    
  |                                        
  |           +----------- Pseudodontini   
  |  +--------+                            
--+  |        |  +-------- Contradentini   
  |  |        +--+                         
  |  |           |  +----- Unioninae       
  |  |           +--+                      
  +--+              |  +-- Gonideini       
     |              +--+                   
     |                 +-- Ambleminae      
     |                                     
     |  +----------------- Margaritiferidae
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------------- Hyrioidea       
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Pseudomulleria **  
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Mulleria **        
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Etheria **         
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Mycetopodidae **   
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Iridinidae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 6 3 188 186 2 6.0 
           +-- Hyrioidea       
  +--------+                   
  |        +-- Unionoidea      
  |                            
--+  +-------- Etheriidae **      
  |  |                         
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae **   
  |  |                         
  +--+     +-- Anodontites **     
     +-----+                   
     |     +-- Iridininae **      
     |                         
     |  +----- Mycetopodinae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Lamproscapha **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 3 37 36 2 12.0 
  +----------- Unionoidea   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Hyrioidea    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Etheriidae **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
        +--+                
           +-- Iridinidae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 3 188 186 2 6.0 
  +----------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unionoidea      
  |  |                               
  |  |           +-- Anodontites **     
  +--+  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Iridininae **      
     |  |                            
     +--+        +-- Etheriidae **      
        |  +-----+                   
        |  |     +-- Aspathariinae **   
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Mycetopodinae **   
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Lamproscapha **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 36 33 3 36 35 2 38.0 
  +-------------------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                           
  |                       +-- Etheria **         
  |                    +--+                   
--+                    |  +-- Mulleria **        
  |  +-----------------+                      
  |  |                 |  +-- Mycetopodidae **   
  |  |                 +--+                   
  +--+                    +-- Iridinidae **      
     |                                        
     |  +-------------------- Parreysiinae    
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------------- Pseudomulleria **  
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
           +--+                               
              |  +----------- Pseudodontini   
              +--+                            
                 |  +-------- Contradentini   
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Unioninae       
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Gonideini       
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Ambleminae

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 37 34 3 37 36 2 38.0 
  +-------------------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                           
  |                 +-------- Iridinidae **      
--+  +--------------+                         
  |  |              |  +----- Etheria **         
  |  |              +--+                      
  |  |                 |  +-- Mulleria **        
  +--+                 +--+                   
     |                    +-- Mycetopodidae **   
     |                                        
     |  +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------------- Parreysiinae    
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------------- Pseudomulleria **  
           +--+                               
              |  +----------- Unioninae       
              +--+                            
                 |  +-------- Contradentini   
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Ambleminae      
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Gonideini       
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Pseudodontini

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 3 27 26 2 11.0 
  +----------------- Hyrioidea    
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Iridininae **   
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Etheria **      
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Aspathariinae **
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Mulleria **     
              +--+                
                 +-- Mycetopodidae **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 28 21 3 26 25 2 29.0 
  +-------------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                     
  |           +-------- Iridinidae **      
--+  +--------+                         
  |  |        |  +----- Etheria **         
  |  |        +--+                      
  |  |           |  +-- Mulleria **        
  +--+           +--+                   
     |              +-- Mycetopodidae **   
     |                                  
     |  +-------------- Parreysiinae    
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----------- Pseudomulleria **  
        |  |                            
        +--+  +-------- Anodontini      
           |  |                         
           +--+  +----- Gonideinae      
              |  |                      
              +--+----- Unionini        
                 |                      
                 |  +-- Margaritiferidae
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Ambleminae

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 2 34 33 2 11.0 
        +-- Hyrioidea    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionoidea   
--+                      
  |  +----- Aspathariinae **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Iridininae **   
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 2 34 33 2 9.0 
        +-- Hyrioidea    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionoidea   
--+                      
  |  +----- Iridininae **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Aspathariinae **
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 3 22 20 2 3.0 
  +-------------- Hyrioidea    
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Iridininae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Aspathariinae **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Etheriidae **   
           +--+                
              +-- Mycetopodidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 3 22 20 2 3.0 
  +-------------- Hyrioidea    
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Iridininae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Aspathariinae **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Etheriidae **   
           +--+                
              +-- Mycetopodidae **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 3 23 21 2 3.0 
  +-------------- Hyrioidea    
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Iridininae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Aspathariinae **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Etheriidae **   
           +--+                
              +-- Mycetopodidae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 3 28 26 2 3.0 
  +-------------- Hyrioidea    
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Iridininae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Aspathariinae **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Etheriidae **   
           +--+                
              +-- Mycetopodidae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 3 28 26 2 3.0 
  +-------------- Hyrioidea    
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Iridininae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Aspathariinae **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Etheriidae **   
           +--+                
              +-- Mycetopodidae **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 3 9 7 2 7.0 
           +-- Hyrioidea    
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Unionoidea   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae **
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Etheriidae **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Iridininae **   
        +--+                
           +-- Mycetopodidae **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 3 9 7 2 7.0 
  +----------------- Hyrioidea       
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Unionidae       
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Margaritiferidae
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Aspathariinae **   
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Etheriidae **      
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Iridininae **      
              +--+                   
                 +-- Mycetopodidae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 3 63 61 2 3.0 
  +-------------- Hyrioidea    
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Iridininae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Aspathariinae **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Etheriidae **   
           +--+                
              +-- Mycetopodidae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 3 63 61 2 3.0 
  +-------------- Hyrioidea    
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Iridininae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Aspathariinae **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Etheriidae **   
           +--+                
              +-- Mycetopodidae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 3 63 61 2 3.0 
  +-------------- Hyrioidea    
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Iridininae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Aspathariinae **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Etheriidae **   
           +--+                
              +-- Mycetopodidae **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 26 25 2 8.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Iridinidae **   
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 2 2 26 25 2 8.0 
  +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                     
  |  +----------------- Amblemini       
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Parreysiinae    
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Eurynia         
--+  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Fusconaia       
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Gonideinae      
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Pleurobema      
  |  |                                  
  +--+----------------- Quadrulini      
     |                                  
     |     +----------- Ortmanniana     
     +-----+                            
     |     |  +-------- Glebula         
     |     +--+                         
     |        |  +----- Potamilus       
     |        +--+                      
     |           |  +-- Ligumia         
     |           +--+                   
     |              +-- Toxolasma       
     |                                  
     |  +-------------- Cyrtonaias      
     +--+                               
        |  +----------- Unionini        
        +--+                            
           |  +-------- Anodontini      
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Hyrioidea       
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Iridinidae **      
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Mycetopodidae **

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 3 12 11 2 7.5 
  +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                     
  |           +-------- Unionini        
--+  +--------+                         
  |  |        |  +----- Pleurobemini    
  |  |        +--+                      
  |  |           |  +-- Anodontini      
  +--+           +--+                   
     |              +-- Lampsilini      
     |                                  
     |  +-------------- Parreysiini     
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----------- Coelaturini     
        |  |                            
        +--+  +-------- Hyrioidea       
           |  |                         
           +--+  +----- Iridinidae **      
              |  |                      
              +--+  +-- Anodontitinae **   
                 |  |                   
                 +--+-- Mycetopodinae **   
                    |                   
                    +-- Etheriidae **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 26 25 2 8.0 
  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Iridinidae **   
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 31 30 2 3.0 
  +-------------- Hyrioidea       
--+                               
  |  +----------- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Unionidae       
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Aspathariinae **   
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Iridininae **      
           +--+                   
              +-- Mycetopodidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 3 115 113 2 5.0 
  +-------------- Hyrioidea       
--+                               
  |  +----------- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Unionidae       
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Mycetopodidae **   
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Etheriidae **      
           +--+                   
              +-- Iridinidae **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 31 30 2 3.0 
     +----- Aspathariinae **   
  +--+                      
  |  |  +-- Iridininae **      
  |  +--+                   
--+     +-- Mycetopodidae **   
  |                         
  |  +----- Unionidae       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae
     +--+                   
        +-- Hyrioidea

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 3 86 84 2 3.0 
  +----------- Hyrioidea    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Iridinidae **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Etheriidae **   
        +--+                
           +-- Mycetopodidae **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 26 25 2 8.0 
  +-------- Unionoidea   
--+                      
  |  +----- Hyrioidea    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Iridinidae **   
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 26 25 2 8.0 
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Unionidae       
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Hyrioidea       
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Iridinidae **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Mycetopodidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 3 86 84 2 3.0 
        +-- Hyrioidea    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionoidea   
--+                      
  |  +----- Iridinidae **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Etheriidae **   
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 135 133 2 2.0 
                       +-- Chamberlainia   
  +--------------------+                   
  |                    +-- Margaritiferidae
  |                                        
  |              +-------- Hyrioidea       
  +--------------+                         
  |              |  +----- Iridinidae **      
--+              +--+                      
  |                 |  +-- Mycetopodidae **   
  |                 +--+                   
  |                    +-- Etheriidae **      
  |                                        
  |  +-------------------- Parreysiinae    
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------------- Unioninae       
     |  |                                  
     +--+              +-- Contradentini   
        |  +-----------+                   
        |  |           +-- Rectidentini    
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Ambleminae      
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Pseudodontini   
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Gonideini       
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Sinohyriopsis   
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Lamprotulini

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 135 133 2 4.0 
  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+                               
  |  +----------- Unionidae       
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Hyrioidea       
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Mycetopodidae **   
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Etheriidae **      
           +--+                   
              +-- Iridinidae **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 26 23 2 4.0 
  +----------- Hyrioidea    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Etheriidae **   
        +--+                
           +-- Iridinidae **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 3 26 23 2 4.0 
  +----------- Hyrioidea    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Etheriidae **   
        +--+                
           +-- Iridinidae **

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 17 16 2 3.0 
  +----------- Hyrioidea    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Iridinidae **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
        +--+                
           +-- Etheriidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 54 53 2 5.0 
        +-- Hyrioidea    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionoidea   
--+                      
  |  +----- Mycetopodidae **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Etheriidae **   
     +--+                
        +-- Iridinidae **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 37 36 2 6.0 
  +----------- Hyrioidea    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Etheriidae **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
        +--+                
           +-- Iridinidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 54 53 2 5.0 
     +----- Mycetopodidae **   
  +--+                      
  |  |  +-- Etheriidae **      
  |  +--+                   
--+     +-- Iridinidae **      
  |                         
  |  +----- Unionidae       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Hyrioidea       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 28 26 2 5.0 
  +----------- Hyrioidea    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Etheriidae **   
        +--+                
           +-- Iridinidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 72 71 2 -- 
  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                
        +-- Iridinidae **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 23 22 2 -- 
     +-- Iridinidae **   
  +--+                
  |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
--+                   
  |  +-- Hyrioidea    
  +--+                
     +-- Unionoidea

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 18 17 1 -- 
  +----- Unionoidea
--+                
  |  +-- Etheriidae **
  +--+             
     +-- Iridinidae **

Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 4 2 1 -- 
  +----- Unionoidea
--+                
  |  +-- Etheriidae **
  +--+             
     +-- Iridinidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 72 71 2 -- 
  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                
        +-- Iridinidae **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 72 72 2 -- 
     +-- Iridinidae **   
  +--+                
  |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
--+                   
  |  +-- Hyrioidea    
  +--+                
     +-- Unionoidea

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 41 40 2 -- 
     +-- Mycetopodidae **
  +--+                
  |  +-- Iridinidae **   
--+                   
  |  +-- Hyrioidea    
  +--+                
     +-- Unionoidea

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 48 47 2 -- 
  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                
        +-- Iridinidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 90 89 2 -- 
  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                
        +-- Iridinidae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 55 54 2 -- 
     +-- Mycetopodidae **
  +--+                
  |  +-- Iridinidae **   
--+                   
  |  +-- Hyrioidea    
  +--+                
     +-- Unionoidea

Elderkin et al., 2016 [Publ 3693], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 3 0 2 1 1 1 5.0 
  +-- Etheriidae **
  |             
--+-- Iridinidae **
  |             
  +-- Hyrioidea

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 23 22 2 -- 
     +-- Iridinidae **   
  +--+                
  |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
--+                   
  |  +-- Hyrioidea    
  +--+                
     +-- Unionoidea

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 90 89 2 -- 
  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                
        +-- Iridinidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 67 66 2 -- 
  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Iridinidae **   
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 94 93 2 -- 
  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                
        +-- Iridinidae **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 94 93 2 -- 
  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                
        +-- Iridinidae **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 46 46 2 -- 
  +-------- Unionidae       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Hyrioidea       
     +--+                   
        +-- Iridinidae **

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 4 3 1 -- 
  +-- Iridinidae **
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 4 3 2 -- 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Iridinidae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 4 3 1 -- 
  +-- Iridinidae **
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 5 3 2 -- 
     +-- Iridinidae **      
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unionidae       
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyrioidea

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 5 3 2 -- 
  +----- Iridinidae **
--+                
  |  +-- Hyrioidea 
  +--+             
     +-- Unionoidea

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 5 3 2 -- 
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Iridinidae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 4 3 2 -- 
     +-- Iridinidae **      
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unionidae       
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyrioidea

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 5 3 2 -- 
  +----- Unionidae       
  |                      
--+----- Hyrioidea       
  |                      
  |  +-- Iridinidae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferidae

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 29 28 2 -- 
  +----- Iridinidae **
--+                
  |  +-- Hyrioidea 
  +--+             
     +-- Unionoidea

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 29 28 2 -- 
  +----- Iridinidae **
--+                
  |  +-- Hyrioidea 
  +--+             
     +-- Unionoidea

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