MUSSELpdb | tribe Popenaiadini

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Page last updated
Sun 06 Oct 2024

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae

tribe POPENAIADINI Heard & Guckert, 1970: cladomics
9 genera

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 59
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 9

analyzed in 36 cladograms in 23 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 8, mean = 1.67
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) in an analysis = 3, mean = 1.28

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 7
maximum number of included terminals = 8, mean = 4.43
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3, mean = 2.43
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.57

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 7
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (tribe).
maximum number of included terminals = 8, mean = 4.43
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3, mean = 2.43
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.57

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination

NJ tree

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
7	19	18	3	28	27	4	0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram ***

  +----------------------------------- Quadrulini             
  |                                                           
--+  +-------------------------------- Pleurobemini           
  |  |                                                        
  +--+  +----------------------------- Amblemini              
     |  |                                                     
     |  |                          +-- Popenaias **              
     +--+  +-----------------------+                          
        |  |                       +-- Psoronaias **             
        |  |                                                  
        +--+                       +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
           |  +--------------------+                          
           |  |                    +-- Glebula                
           |  |                                               
           +--+  +-------------------- Potamilus              
              |  |                                            
              |  |                 +-- Truncilla              
              +--+  +--------------+                          
                 |  |              +-- Ptychobranchus         
                 |  |                                         
                 +--+  +-------------- Pachynaias             
                    |  |                                      
                    |  |           +-- Cyrtonaias_explicata   
                    +--+  +--------+                          
                       |  |        +-- Sphenonaias **            
                       |  |                                   
                       +--+        +-- Lampsilis              
                          |  +-----+                          
                          |  |     +-- Ortmanniana            
                          +--+                                
                             |  +----- Cambarunio             
                             +--+                             
                                |  +-- Epioblasma             
                                +--+                          
                                   +-- Ligumia

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	101	89	4	--

*** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

  +-------------- Quadrulini  
  |                           
--+  +----------- Pleurobemini
  |  |                        
  +--+        +-- Plectomerus 
     |  +-----+               
     |  |     +-- Reginaia    
     +--+                     
        |  +----- Lampsilini  
        +--+                  
           |  +-- Popenaias **   
           +--+               
              +-- Amblema

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	20	11	3	18	18	3	12.0

  +-------------------------- Quadrulini             
  |                                                  
--+  +----------------------- Reginaia               
  |  |                                               
  +--+  +-------------------- Amblema                
     |  |                                            
     |  |                 +-- Popenaias **              
     +--+  +--------------+                          
        |  |              +-- Psoronaias **             
        |  |                                         
        +--+              +-- Glebula                
           |  +-----------+                          
           |  |           +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
           |  |                                      
           +--+  +----------- Potamilus              
              |  |                                   
              |  |        +-- Ptychobranchus         
              +--+  +-----+                          
                 |  |     +-- Truncilla              
                 |  |                                
                 |  |  +----- Ortmanniana            
                 +--+  |                             
                    |  +----- Epioblasma             
                    |  |                             
                    |  +----- Lampsilis              
                    |  |                             
                    +--+----- Ligumia                
                       |                             
                       +----- Cambarunio             
                       |                             
                       +----- Pachynaias             
                       |                             
                       |  +-- Cyrtonaias_explicata   
                       +--+                          
                          +-- Sphenonaias **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	19	21	3	17	17	3	25.0

  +----------------------------------------- Quadrulini             
  |                                                                 
--+  +-------------------------------------- Reginaia               
  |  |                                                              
  +--+  +----------------------------------- Amblema                
     |  |                                                           
     +--+                                +-- Popenaias **              
        |  +-----------------------------+                          
        |  |                             +-- Psoronaias **             
        +--+                                                        
           |  +----------------------------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
           |  |                                                     
           +--+  +-------------------------- Ptychobranchus         
              |  |                                                  
              +--+  +----------------------- Ligumia                
                 |  |                                               
                 +--+  +-------------------- Potamilus              
                    |  |                                            
                    +--+  +----------------- Pachynaias             
                       |  |                                         
                       |  |              +-- Epioblasma             
                       +--+  +-----------+                          
                          |  |           +-- Truncilla              
                          |  |                                      
                          +--+           +-- Ortmanniana            
                             |  +--------+                          
                             |  |        +-- Lampsilis              
                             +--+                                   
                                |  +-------- Cambarunio             
                                +--+                                
                                   |  +----- Sphenonaias_microdon__2 **
                                   +--+                             
                                      |  +-- Cyrtonaias_explicata   
                                      +--+                          
                                         +-- Sphenonaias_microdon__1 **

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 2-3

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	26	26	4	--

  +-------------- Quadrulini  
--+                           
  |  +----------- Pleurobemini
  +--+                        
     |  +-------- Amblemini   
     +--+                     
        |  +----- Lampsilini  
        +--+                  
           |  +-- Popenaias **   
           +--+               
              +-- Psoronaias **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	55	13	4	--

  +-------------- Quadrulini  
--+                           
  |  +----------- Pleurobemini
  +--+                        
     |  +-------- Amblemini   
     +--+                     
        |  +----- Lampsilini  
        +--+                  
           |  +-- Psoronaias **  
           +--+               
              +-- Popenaias **

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	26	26	4	--

  +-------------- Quadrulini  
--+                           
  |  +----------- Pleurobemini
  +--+                        
     |  +-------- Amblemini   
     +--+                     
        |  +----- Lampsilini  
        +--+                  
           |  +-- Popenaias **   
           +--+               
              +-- Psoronaias **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	55	13	4	--

  +----------- Quadrulini  
  |                        
--+        +-- Pleurobemini
  |  +-----+               
  |  |     +-- Amblemini   
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Lampsilini  
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Psoronaias **  
        +--+               
           +-- Popenaias **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	73	14	4	--

  +----------- Quadrulini  
--+                        
  |  +-------- Pleurobemini
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Amblemini   
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Popenaias **   
        +--+               
           +-- Lampsilini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	73	14	4	--

  +----------- Quadrulini  
--+                        
  |  +-------- Pleurobemini
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Amblemini   
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Popenaias **   
        +--+               
           +-- Lampsilini

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	72	72	4	--

  +-------------- Quadrulini  
  |                           
--+  +----------- Pleurobemini
  |  |                        
  +--+        +-- Plectomerus 
     |  +-----+               
     |  |     +-- Reginaia    
     +--+                     
        |  +----- Lampsilini  
        +--+                  
           |  +-- Popenaias **   
           +--+               
              +-- Amblema

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	101	89	4	--

  +-------------------------- Quadrulini                    
  |                                                         
  |  +----------------------- Pleurobemini                  
--+  |                                                      
  |  |                 +----- Popenaias **                     
  |  |  +--------------+                                    
  |  |  |              |  +-- Amblema                       
  +--+  |              +--+                                 
     |  |                 +-- Reginaia                      
     |  |                                                   
     |  |                 +-- Plectomerus                   
     |  |  +--------------+                                 
     +--+  |              +-- Toxolasma                     
        |  |                                                
        |  |           +----- Obliquaria                    
        |  |  +--------+                                    
        |  |  |        |  +-- Cyrtonaias                    
        |  |  |        +--+                                 
        |  |  |           +-- Glebula                       
        |  |  |                                             
        +--+  |  +----------- Sagittunio                    
           |  |  |                                          
           |  |  +----------- Leaunio                       
           |  |  |                                          
           |  |  +----------- Potamilus                     
           |  |  |                                          
           |  |  +----------- Hamiota                       
           |  |  |                                          
           |  |  |        +-- Ellipsaria                    
           +--+  +--------+                                 
              |  |        +-- Truncilla                     
              |  |                                          
              |  |     +----- Lampsilis_teres               
              |  +-----+                                    
              |  |     |  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina       
              |  |     +--+                                 
              |  |        +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea         
              |  |                                          
              |  |     +----- Villosa                       
              |  +-----+                                    
              |  |     |  +-- Ligumia                       
              |  |     +--+                                 
              |  |        +-- Cambarunio                    
              |  |                                          
              +--+  +-------- Ortmanniana_pectorosa         
                 +--+                                       
                 |  |  +----- Lampsilis_ornata              
                 |  +--+                                    
                 |     |  +-- Lampsilis_cardium             
                 |     +--+                                 
                 |        +-- Lampsilis_ovata               
                 |                                          
                 |  +-------- Obovaria_olivaria             
                 |  |                                       
                 |  +-------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
                 +--+                                       
                 |  +-------- Epioblasma                    
                 |  |                                       
                 |  |  +----- Obovaria_unicolor             
                 |  +--+                                    
                 |     |  +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis        
                 |     +--+                                 
                 |        +-- Obovaria_subrotunda           
                 |                                          
                 |        +-- Ptychobranchus                
                 |  +-----+                                 
                 |  |     +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
                 |  |                                       
                 +--+  +----- Medionidus_conradicus         
                    |  |                                    
                    |  |  +-- Lemiox                        
                    +--+--+                                 
                       |  +-- Medionidus_acutissimus        
                       |                                    
                       |  +-- Dromus                        
                       +--+                                 
                          +-- Cyprogenia

Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	32	32	4	--

  +-------------------------- Quadrulini           
  |                                                
  |  +----------------------- Plectomerus          
--+  |                                             
  |  |  +-------------------- Popenaias **            
  |  |  |                                          
  |  |  +-------------------- Pleurobemini         
  +--+  |                                          
     |  |                 +-- Cyrtonaias           
     |  |              +--+                        
     |  |              |  +-- Glebula              
     |  +--------------+                           
     |  |              |  +-- Reginaia             
     +--+              +--+                        
        |                 +-- Obliquaria           
        |                                          
        |  +----------------- Toxolasma            
        |  |                                       
        |  |  +-------------- Potamilus            
        |  |  |                                    
        |  |  |           +-- Ellipsaria           
        |  |  +-----------+                        
        +--+  |           +-- Truncilla            
           |  |                                    
           |  |        +----- Medionidus           
           |  +--------+                           
           |  |        |  +-- Lemiox               
           |  |        +--+                        
           +--+           +-- Dromus               
              |                                    
              |  +----------- Cambarunio           
              |  |                                 
              |  +----------- Leaunio              
              |  |                                 
              |  +----------- Villosa              
              |  |                                 
              |  |        +-- Sagittunio           
              |  +--------+                        
              +--+        +-- Lampsilis_ovata      
                 |                                 
                 |     +----- Venustaconcha        
                 +-----+                           
                 |     |  +-- Epioblasma           
                 |     +--+                        
                 |        +-- Obovaria             
                 |                                 
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_teres      
                 +--+                              
                    |  +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
                    +--+                           
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_hydiana    
                       +--+                        
                          +-- Lampsilis_straminea

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	103	81	4	--

  +-------- Reginaia           
  |                            
  +-------- Amblema            
  |                            
  |     +-- Quadrulini         
  +-----+                      
  |     +-- Pleurobemini       
--+                            
  |  +----- Popenaias **          
  |  |                         
  |  |  +-- Dromus             
  |  |  |                      
  |  |  +-- Epioblasma         
  |  |  |                      
  +--+  +-- Glebula            
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata    
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Lampsilis_virescens
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Lemiox             
     +--+                      
        +-- Obliquaria         
        |                      
        +-- Obovaria_olivaria  
        |                      
        +-- Obovaria_unicolor  
        |                      
        +-- Plectomerus        
        |                      
        +-- Potamilus_alatus   
        |                      
        +-- Potamilus_capax

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	73	14	4	--

  +----------- Quadrulini  
--+                        
  |  +-------- Pleurobemini
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Amblemini   
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Popenaias **   
        +--+               
           +-- Lampsilini

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	72	72	4	--

  +----------------------------------- Quadrulini            
  |                                                          
--+  +-------------------------------- Pleurobemini          
  |  |                                                       
  |  |                             +-- Amblema               
  +--+  +--------------------------+                         
     |  |                          +-- Reginaia              
     |  |                                                    
     +--+  +-------------------------- Popenaias **             
        |  |                                                 
        |  |                       +-- Glebula               
        +--+  +--------------------+                         
           |  |                    +-- Paetulunio            
           |  |                                              
           +--+                    +-- Toxolasma             
              |  +-----------------+                         
              |  |                 +-- Plectomerus           
              |  |                                           
              +--+  +----------------- Obliquaria            
                 |  |                                        
                 |  |           +----- Potamilus             
                 +--+  +--------+                            
                    |  |        |  +-- Dromus                
                    |  |        +--+                         
                    +--+           +-- Lemiox                
                       |                                     
                       |  +----------- Lampsilis_ovata       
                       |  |                                  
                       +--+  +-------- Lampsilis_virescens   
                          |  |                               
                          +--+     +-- Epioblasma            
                             |  +--+                         
                             |  |  +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
                             +--+                            
                                |  +-- Obovaria_olivaria     
                                +--+                         
                                   +-- Venustaconcha

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	14	14	4	--

     +----------- Toxolasma            
  +--+                                 
  |  |  +-------- Popenaias **            
  |  +--+                              
  |     |  +----- Amblemini            
  |     +--+                           
--+        |  +-- Quadrulini           
  |        +--+                        
  |           +-- Pleurobemini         
  |                                    
  |  +----------- Potamilus            
  |  |                                 
  +--+        +-- Lampsilis_cardium    
     |  +-----+                        
     |  |     +-- Lampsilis_ornata     
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Venustaconcha        
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
           +--+                        
              +-- Lampsilis_powellii

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	91	16	4	--

  +----------- Quadrulini  
--+                        
  |  +-------- Pleurobemini
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Amblemini   
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Popenaias **   
        +--+               
           +-- Lampsilini

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	52	14	4	--

  +----------- Quadrulini  
--+                        
  |  +-------- Pleurobemini
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Amblemini   
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Popenaias **   
        +--+               
           +-- Lampsilini

Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	40	40	3	--

  +-------------------------------------- Quadrulini             
  |                                                              
  |                                   +-- Amblema                
--+  +--------------------------------+                          
  |  |                                +-- Reginaia               
  |  |                                                           
  +--+  +-------------------------------- Plectomerus            
     |  |                                                        
     |  |  +----------------------------- Toxolasma              
     +--+  |                                                     
        |  |                       +----- Popenaias **              
        |  |  +--------------------+                             
        +--+  |                    |  +-- Glebula                
           |  |                    +--+                          
           |  |                       +-- Cyrtonaias             
           |  |                                                  
           +--+  +----------------------- Obliquaria             
              |  |                                               
              |  |                    +-- Medionidus             
              |  |                 +--+                          
              |  |                 |  +-- Lemiox                 
              +--+  +--------------+                             
                 |  |              |  +-- Cyprogenia             
                 |  |              +--+                          
                 |  |                 +-- Ptychobranchus         
                 |  |                                            
                 +--+           +-------- Potamilus              
                    |  +--------+                                
                    |  |        |  +----- Atlanticoncha          
                    |  |        +--+                             
                    |  |           |  +-- Ellipsaria             
                    |  |           +--+                          
                    +--+              +-- Truncilla              
                       |                                         
                       |              +-- Hamiota                
                       |  +-----------+                          
                       |  |           +-- Villosa                
                       |  |                                      
                       +--+  +----------- Ligumia                
                          |  |                                   
                          |  |     +----- Venustaconcha          
                          +--+  +--+                             
                             |  |  |  +-- Obovaria               
                             |  |  +--+                          
                             +--+     +-- Epioblasma             
                                |                                
                                |  +----- Ortmanniana_pectorosa  
                                +--+                             
                                   |  +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
                                   +--+                          
                                      +-- Lampsilis

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	51	11	4	--

  +----------- Quadrulini  
--+                        
  |  +-------- Pleurobemini
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Amblemini   
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Popenaias **   
        +--+               
           +-- Lampsilini

Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	26	25	4	--

  +----------- Quadrulini  
--+                        
  |  +-------- Pleurobemini
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Amblemini   
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Lampsilini  
        +--+               
           +-- Popenaias **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	56	54	3	--

  +----- Pleurobemini
  |                  
--+  +-- Amblemini   
  |  |               
  +--+-- Popenaias **   
     |               
     +-- Lampsilini

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	20	19	4	--

  +-------------- Quadrulini  
--+                           
  |  +----------- Pleurobemini
  +--+                        
     |  +-------- Amblema     
     +--+                     
        |  +----- Plectomerus 
        +--+                  
           |  +-- Popenaias **   
           +--+               
              +-- Lampsilini

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	18	13	4	--

  +----------- Quadrulini  
--+                        
  |  +-------- Pleurobemini
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Amblemini   
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Popenaias **   
        +--+               
           +-- Lampsilini

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	55	53	3	--

  +-------- Lampsilini  
--+                     
  |  +----- Pleurobemini
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Amblemini   
     +--+               
        +-- Popenaias **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	41	41	4	--

  +----------------- Quadrulini  
  |                              
--+  +-------------- Pleurobemini
  |  |                           
  |  |           +-- Popenaias **   
  +--+  +--------+               
     |  |        +-- Amblema     
     |  |                        
     +--+  +-------- Plectomerus 
        |  |                     
        |  |     +-- Cyrtonaias  
        +--+-----+               
           |     +-- Reginaia    
           |                     
           |  +----- Lemiox      
           +--+                  
              |  +-- Lampsilis   
              +--+               
                 +-- Obovaria

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	41	41	4	--

  +-------------------- Quadrulini  
  |                                 
--+  +----------------- Pleurobemini
  |  |                              
  +--+              +-- Reginaia    
     |  +-----------+               
     |  |           +-- Amblema     
     +--+                           
        |  +----------- Popenaias **   
        |  |                        
        +--+  +-------- Cyrtonaias  
           |  |                     
           +--+-------- Plectomerus 
              |                     
              |  +----- Lemiox      
              +--+                  
                 |  +-- Lampsilis   
                 +--+               
                    +-- Obovaria

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	41	41	4	--

  +-------------------- Quadrulini  
  |                                 
--+  +----------------- Pleurobemini
  |  |                              
  |  |              +-- Popenaias **   
  +--+  +-----------+               
     |  |           +-- Amblema     
     |  |                           
     +--+           +-- Cyrtonaias  
        |  +--------+               
        |  |        +-- Reginaia    
        +--+                        
           |  +-------- Plectomerus 
           +--+                     
              |  +----- Lemiox      
              +--+                  
                 |  +-- Lampsilis   
                 +--+               
                    +-- Obovaria

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	68	11	4	--

  +----------- Quadrulini  
--+                        
  |  +-------- Pleurobemini
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Amblemini   
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Popenaias **   
        +--+               
           +-- Lampsilini

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	91	16	4	--

  +----------- Quadrulini  
--+                        
  |  +-------- Pleurobemini
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Amblemini   
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Popenaias **   
        +--+               
           +-- Lampsilini

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	42	42	4	--

  +-------------------------------- Quadrulini          
  |                                                     
  |                 +-------------- Elliptoideus        
  |  +--------------+                                   
  |  |              |  +----------- Plectomerus         
--+  |              +--+                                
  |  |                 |  +-------- Obovaria_unicolor   
  |  |                 +--+                             
  |  |                    |  +----- Obovaria_olivaria   
  |  |                    +--+                          
  |  |                       |  +-- Lampsilis           
  +--+                       +--+                       
     |                          +-- Lemiox              
     |                                                  
     |                    +-------- Cyrtonaias          
     |  +-----------------+                             
     |  |                 |  +----- Reginaia            
     |  |                 +--+                          
     |  |                    |  +-- Popenaias **           
     +--+                    +--+                       
        |                       +-- Amblema             
        |                                               
        |  +----------------------- Elliptio            
        |  |                                            
        +--+  +-------------------- Eurynia             
           |  |                                         
           |  |  +----------------- Parvaspina          
           +--+  |                                      
              |  |              +-- Hemistena           
              |  +--------------+                       
              +--+              +-- Plethobasus         
                 |                                      
                 |  +-------------- Pleuronaia          
                 |  |                                   
                 |  |           +-- Pleurobema_cordatum 
                 +--+  +--------+                       
                    |  |        +-- Fusconaia           
                    |  |                                
                    +--+        +-- Pleurobema_stabile  
                       |  +-----+                       
                       |  |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia 
                       +--+                             
                          |  +----- Pleurobema_decisum  
                          +--+                          
                             |  +-- Pleurobema_clava    
                             +--+                       
                                +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	40	40	3	--

  +----------- Amblema     
  |                        
--+        +-- Lampsilis   
  |  +-----+               
  |  |     +-- Plectomerus 
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Popenaias **   
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Cyrtonaias  
        +--+               
           +-- Pleurobemini

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	20	19	4	--

  +-------------- Quadrulini  
--+                           
  |  +----------- Pleurobemini
  +--+                        
     |  +-------- Amblema     
     +--+                     
        |  +----- Plectomerus 
        +--+                  
           |  +-- Popenaias **   
           +--+               
              +-- Lampsilini

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	95	16	4	--

  +----------- Quadrulini  
--+                        
  |  +-------- Pleurobemini
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Amblemini   
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Popenaias **   
        +--+               
           +-- Lampsilini

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iT	tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	95	16	4	--

  +----------- Quadrulini  
--+                        
  |  +-------- Pleurobemini
  +--+                     
     |  +----- Amblemini   
     +--+                  
        |  +-- Popenaias **   
        +--+               
           +-- Lampsilini

Page updated: 10:13:06 Sun 06 Oct 2024

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