Lampsilis cardium Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1820, Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 298, pl. 80, figs. 16-19 [also as ‘Unio cardium’].
Rafinesque, 1864, [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 43.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE ANSP_20210, [no locality available - North America].

Lampsilis cardium — Rafinesque (1820), Agassiz (1852), Vanatta (1915), Morrison (1969), ..., Wu et al. (2023), Wu et al. (2024), Dai et al. (2024), Wu et al. (2024)
Unio cardium — Ferussac (1835), Conrad (1840), Küster (1861)
Unio (Lampsilis) cardium — Conrad (1853)
Lampsilis ventricosa — Utterback (1916), Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium — Frierson (1927), Haas (1930)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium cardium — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovatus — Clarke (1973)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Graf (2000)
Lampsilis cardium/ovata — Jones (2015)

Unio ventricosus Barnes, 1823
Barnes, 1823, Amer. J. Sci. 6 (1-2): 267, pl. 13, figs. 14a-c.

Unio ventricosus — Barnes (1823), Lea (1829), Menke (1830), Jay (1835), ..., Sowerby (1866), B.H. Wright (1888), Call (1895), Pilsbry & Rhoads (1896)
Margarita (Unio) ventricosus — Lea (1836), Lea (1838)
Unio cardium — Conrad (1840), Conrad (1853), Küster (1861)
Aeglia ventricosa — Swainson (1840)
Lampsilis ventricosa — Stimpson (1851), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), ..., F.C. Baker (1928), Mathiak (1979), Davis & Fuller (1981), Oesch (1984)
Lampsilis ventricosus — Agassiz (1852)
Margaron (Unio) ventricosus — Lea (1852), Lea (1870)
Unio (Lampsilis) cariosus — Mörch (1853)
Unio (Hyridella) ventricosus — Adams & Adams (1857)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (s.s.) ventricosus — Call (1900)
Lampsida ventricosus — Landacre (1902)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis cardium — Vanatta (1915), Morrison (1969), Vidrine (1993), Howells et al. (1996), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)
Lampsilis ovatus ventricosa — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis ovata ventricosa — Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925), Murray & Leonard (1962), Gordon et al. (1979)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium — Frierson (1927), Haas (1930)
Proptera capax — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium cardium — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovatus — Clarke (1973)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Strayer & Jirka (1997)

Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa var. lurida Simpson, 1914
Simpson, 1914, Descr. Cat. Naiades: 41.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio ventricosus Barnes, 1823)
Type(s): TYPE USNM_29958, Devil’s Lake, Lenawee Co., Mich.

Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa var. lurida — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium-lurida — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis ventricosa lurida — F.C. Baker (1928)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium lurida — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovatus — Clarke (1973)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Strayer & Jirka (1997)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio radiatus Hildreth, 1828
Hildreth, 1828, Amer. J. Sci. 14: 286.
(misidentified reference to Unio radiatus Barnes, 1823)

Unio radiatus — Hildreth (1828)
Margarita (Unio) radiata — Lea (1836)
Margaron (Unio) ventricosus — Lea (1852), Lea (1870)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)

Unio occidens Lea, 1829
Lea, 1829, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 3 [O. 1]: 435, pl. 10, fig. 16.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84866, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Unio occidens — Lea (1829), Lea (1834), Jay (1835), Hanley (1843), Küster (1861), B.H. Wright (1888), de Gregorio (1914)
Unio cardium — Ferussac (1835), Conrad (1840), Conrad (1853)
Margarita (Unio) occidens — Lea (1836), Lea (1838)
Aeglia (s.s.) occidens — Swainson (1840)
Unio ventricosus — De Kay (1843), Call (1895)
Margaron (Unio) occidens — Lea (1852), Lea (1870)
Unio (Hyridella) occidens — Adams & Adams (1857)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (s.s.) ventricosus — Call (1900)
Lampsilis occidens — Ihering (1901)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis ventricosa occidens — F.C. Baker (1928)
Lampsilis ovata ventricosa — Murray & Leonard (1962)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium cardium — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovatus — Clarke (1973)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Strayer & Jirka (1997)
Lampsilis ventricosa — Oesch (1984)
Lampsilis cardium — Howells et al. (1996), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio subovatus Lea, 1831
Lea, 1831, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4 [O. 1]: 118 [128], pl. 18, fig. 46.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84509, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Unio subovatus — Lea (1831), Ravenel (1834), Hanley (1843), Sowerby (1866), B.H. Wright (1888)
Unio fasciolus — Ferussac (1835)
Margarita (Unio) subovatus — Lea (1836), Lea (1838)
Margaron (Unio) subovatus — Lea (1852), Lea (1870)
Unio cardium — Conrad (1853)
Unio (Lampsilis) subovatus — Adams & Adams (1857)
Unio ventricosus — Call (1895)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (s.s.) subovatus — Call (1900)
Lampsida ventricosus — Landacre (1902)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis ventricosa occidens — F.C. Baker (1928)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium cardium — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio ventricosus Say, 1832
Say, 1832, Amer. Conch. 4: pl. 32.
(reference to Unio ventricosus Barnes, 1823)

Unio ventricosus — Say (1832), De Kay (1843)
Margarita (Unio) occidens — Lea (1838)
Unio occidens — Küster (1861)

Unio cardium Conrad, 1834
‘Rafinesque’ Conrad, 1834, New Fresh-Water Shells: 68.
(reference to Lampsilis cardium Rafinesque, 1820)

Unio cardium — Conrad (1834)
Unio ventricosus — Ferussac (1835), Call (1895)
Margaron (Unio) occidens — Lea (1852), Lea (1870)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis cardium — Watters et al. (2009)

Unio lenis Conrad, 1838
Conrad, 1838, Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 2(11): back cover.
Conrad, 1840, Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 2(12): 106, pl. 58, fig. 2.

Unio lenis — Conrad (1838), Conrad (1840)
Margaron (Unio) occidens — Lea (1852), Lea (1870)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium cardium — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio ovatus Deshayes, 1839
‘Say’ of Authors.
Deshayes, 1839, Hist. Natur. Anim. sans Vert. 6: 669.
Küster, 1852, Conchyl. Cab. 9(2): 55, pl. 12, fig. 1. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Unio ovatus Say, 1817)

Unio ovatus — Deshayes (1839)
Margaron (Unio) ovatus — Lea (1852)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio ossidens Swainson, 1840
Swainson, 1840, Treat. Malacol.: 262.
(error for Unio occidens Lea, 1829)

Unio ossidens — Swainson (1840)

Unio cariosus De Kay, 1843
De Kay, 1843, Zool. New York 5: 193, pl. 21, figs. 243-244.
(misidentified reference to Unio cariosus Say, 1817)

Unio cariosus — De Kay (1843), Conrad (1853)
Margaron (Unio) cariosus — Lea (1852), Lea (1870)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cariosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cariosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium — Frierson (1927)

Unio canadensis Lea, 1857
Lea, 1857, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 85.
Lea, 1860, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 7]: 268 [86], pl. 44, fig. 148.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84503, St. Helens Id., Montreal, Canada.

Unio canadensis — Lea (1857), B.H. Wright (1888)
Margaron (Unio) canadensis — Lea (1870)
Unio ventricosus — Call (1895)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (s.s.) ventricosus — Call (1900)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cariosa — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovatus — Clarke (1973)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Strayer & Jirka (1997)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio ventricosus Sowerby, 1866
‘Barnes’ Sowerby, 1866, Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 43, sp. 235.
(reference to Unio ventricosus Barnes, 1823)

Unio ventricosus — Sowerby (1866)
Margaron (Unio) capax — Lea (1870)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)

Unio dolabraeformis Sowerby, 1867
‘Lea’ Sowerby, 1867, Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 59, sp. 298 [as ‘dolabræformis’].
(misidentified reference to Unio dolabraeformis Lea, 1838)

Unio dolabraeformis — Sowerby (1867)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio latissimus Sowerby, 1868
Sowerby, 1868, Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 66, sp. 337.
(homonym of Unio (Eurynia) latissima Rafinesque, 1820)

Unio latissimus — Sowerby (1868)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium cardium — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio subovatus Sowerby, 1868
‘Lea’ Sowerby, 1868, Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 85, sp. 456.
(reference to Unio subovatus Lea, 1831)

Unio subovatus — Sowerby (1868)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis (s.s.) fasciola — Frierson (1927)

Lampsilis ventricosa cohongoronta Ortmann, 1912
Ortmann, 1912, Nautilus 26(5): 53.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio ventricosus Barnes, 1823)
Type(s): LECTOTYPE CM_31.6994, Potomac River, Hancock, Washington Co., Maryland.

Lampsilis ventricosa cohongoronta — Ortmann (1912)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Lampsilis ventricosa perglobosa F.C. Baker, 1928
F.C. Baker, 1928, Bull. Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70(2): 285, pl. 93, figs. 1-4.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio ventricosus Barnes, 1823)
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (ORIG. DESIG.) UMMZ_209195, Lake Pepin, Lake City, Minnesota.

Lampsilis ventricosa perglobosa — F.C. Baker (1928)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium cardium — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovatus — Clarke (1973)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Lampsilis ventricosa winnebagoensis F.C. Baker, 1928
F.C. Baker, 1928, Bull. Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70(2): 291, pl. 94, figs. 1-4.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio ventricosus Barnes, 1823)
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (ORIG. DESIG.) UMMZ_209212, L. Winnebago, nr. Oshkosh, Wis.

Lampsilis ventricosa winnebagoensis — F.C. Baker (1928)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium cardium — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovatus — Clarke (1973)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980)
Lampsilis cardium — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Taxonomic History (since 1900)

Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (s.s.) ventricosus — Call (1900)
Unio (s.s.) subovatus — Call (1900)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cariosus — Simpson (1900)
Lampsilis occidens — Ihering (1901)
Lampsida ventricosus — Landacre (1902)
Lampsilis ventricosa — Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910), ..., F.C. Baker (1928), Mathiak (1979), Davis & Fuller (1981), Oesch (1984)
Lampsilis ventricosa cohongoronta — Ortmann (1912)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa — Simpson (1914)
Unio occidens — de Gregorio (1914)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cariosa — Simpson (1914), Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ventricosa var. lurida — Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis cardium — Vanatta (1915), Morrison (1969), Turgeon et al. (1988), Cummings & Mayer (1992), ..., Wu et al. (2023), Wu et al. (2024), Dai et al. (2024), Wu et al. (2024)
Lampsilis ovatus ventricosa — Ortmann (1918)
Lampsilis ovata ventricosa — Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925), Murray & Leonard (1962), Gordon et al. (1979)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium — Frierson (1927), Haas (1930)
Proptera capax — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis (s.s.) fasciola — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium-lurida — Frierson (1927)
Lampsilis ventricosa occidens — F.C. Baker (1928)
Lampsilis ventricosa lurida — F.C. Baker (1928)
Lampsilis ventricosa perglobosa — F.C. Baker (1928)
Lampsilis ventricosa winnebagoensis — F.C. Baker (1928)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium cardium — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) cardium lurida — Haas (1969)
Lampsilis (s.s.) ovata — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Lampsilis ovatus — Clarke (1973)
Lampsilis ovata — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Graf (2000)
Lampsilis cardium/ovata — Jones (2015)