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Page last updated
Wed 04 Dec 2024

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea

family UNIONIDAE Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics
     5 subfamilies, 33 genera

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 1066
number of subtaxa (rank: subfamily) = 38

analyzed in 530 cladograms in 293 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 159, mean = 20.76
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) in an analysis = 4, mean = 1.91

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 508
maximum number of included terminals = 159, mean = 21.62
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 4, mean = 1.95
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.93

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 186
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (subfamily) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 159, mean = 30.3
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 4, mean = 2.91
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.83


Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ tree


Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 45 39 4 22 2 1 0.0

*** Top Monophyly Cladogram ***

  +----------------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |                                        
  |           +----------- Pseudodontini **   
  |  +--------+                            
--+  |        |  +-------- Contradentini **   
  |  |        +--+                         
  |  |           |  +----- Unioninae **       
  |  |           +--+                      
  +--+              |  +-- Gonideini **       
     |              +--+                   
     |                 +-- Ambleminae **      
     |                                     
     |  +----------------- Margaritiferidae
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------------- Hyriidae        
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Pseudomulleria  
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Mulleria        
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Etheria         
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Mycetopodidae   
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Iridinidae      

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 25 14 1 46.0

*** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ***

  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
159 159 97 4 39 13 1 177.0
  +----------------- Margaritiferidae  
  |                                    
  |  +-------------- Parreysiinae **      
  |  |                                 
  |  |  +----------- Chamberlainia **     
--+  |  |                              
  |  |  +----------- Megalonaias **       
  |  |  |                              
  |  |  +----------- Uniomerus **         
  |  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Quadrulina **        
     |  |                              
     |  +----------- Sinohyriopsis **     
     |  |                              
     |  +----------- Lamprotulini **      
     |  |                              
     |  +----------- Gonideini **         
     |  |                              
     |  +----------- Pseudodontini **     
     +--+                              
        +----------- Unioninae **         
        |                              
        |        +-- Rectidentini **      
        +--------+                     
        |        +-- Contradentini **     
        |                              
        |  +-------- Amblema **           
        |  |                           
        |  +-------- Toxolasma **         
        |  |                           
        |  +-------- Pleurobemini **      
        |  |                           
        |  |     +-- Obliquaria **        
        |  +-----+                     
        |  |     +-- Plectomerus **       
        +--+                           
           |  +----- Ellipsaria **        
           |  |                        
           |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon **
           |  |                        
           |  +----- Medionidus **        
           |  |                        
           |  +----- Potamilus_alatus **  
           |  |                        
           |  +----- Ptychobranchus **    
           +--+                        
              +----- Truncilla **         
              |                        
              +----- Venustaconcha **     
              |                        
              +----- Cambarunio **        
              |                        
              +----- Leaunio **           
              |                        
              |  +-- Ortmanniana **       
              +--+                     
                 +-- Lampsilis **         

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
159 159 142 4 39 13 1 181.0
  +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                        
--+  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------------- Unioninae **       
     |  |                                  
     +--+              +-- Rectidentini **    
        |  +-----------+                   
        |  |           +-- Contradentini **   
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Ambleminae **      
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Chamberlainiini ** 
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Lamprotulini **    
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Gonideini **       
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Pseudodontini **   

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
157 157 155 4 39 13 1 174.0
  +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                        
--+  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------------- Pseudodontini **   
     |  |                                  
     +--+              +-- Rectidentini **    
        |  +-----------+                   
        |  |           +-- Contradentini **   
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Unioninae **       
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Chamberlainiini ** 
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Ambleminae **      
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Lamprotulini **    
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Gonideini **       

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
125 125 72 4 0 0 0 148.0
  +----------------- Parreysiinae **          
  |                                        
--+  +-------------- Pseudodontini **         
  |  |                                     
  |  |           +-- Rectidentini **          
  +--+  +--------+                         
     |  |        +-- Contradentini **         
     |  |                                  
     +--+  +-------- Unioninae **             
        |  |                               
        |  |  +----- Ambleminae **            
        |  |  |                            
        +--+  |  +-- Chamberlainia **         
           |  |  |                         
           |  |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **         
           |  |  |                         
           |  |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata **    
           +--+  |                         
              |  +-- Lamprotula_leaii **      
              |  |                         
              |  +-- Potomida **              
              |  |                         
              |  +-- Pronodularia **          
              |  |                         
              +--+-- Gonidea **               
                 |                         
                 +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **  
                 |                         
                 +-- Leguminaia **            
                 |                         
                 +-- Microcondylaea **        
                 |                         
                 +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata ** 
                 |                         
                 +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora ** 
                 |                         
                 +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
114 114 114 4 25 10 1 135.0
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **   
  |                                    
--+                 +-- Rectidentini **   
  |  +--------------+                  
  |  |              +-- Contradentini **  
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Pseudodontini **  
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Unioninae **      
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Ambleminae **     
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Gonideini **      
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Lamprotulini **   

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
114 137 123 4 25 10 1 152.5
                       +-- Chamberlainia **   
  +--------------------+                   
  |                    +-- Margaritiferidae
  |                                        
  |              +-------- Hyriidae        
  +--------------+                         
  |              |  +----- Iridinidae      
--+              +--+                      
  |                 |  +-- Mycetopodidae   
  |                 +--+                   
  |                    +-- Etheriidae      
  |                                        
  |  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------------- Unioninae **       
     |  |                                  
     +--+              +-- Contradentini **   
        |  +-----------+                   
        |  |           +-- Rectidentini **    
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Ambleminae **      
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Pseudodontini **   
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Gonideini **       
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **   
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Lamprotulini **    

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
113 113 98 2 5 5 1 152.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Gonideinae **      

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
112 112 100 2 0 0 0 151.0
  +-- Parreysiinae **
--+               
  +-- Gonideinae **  

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
109 109 91 4 11 2 1 139.0
  +----------------- Parreysiinae **   
  |                                 
  |  +-------------- Unioninae **      
--+  |                              
  |  |           +-- Lens **           
  |  |           |                  
  |  |           +-- Ensidens **       
  +--+           |                  
     |  +--------+-- Physunio **       
     |  |        |                  
     |  |        +-- Rectidens **      
     |  |        |                  
     +--+        +-- Yaukthwa **       
        |                           
        |  +-------- Ambleminae **     
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Chamberlainiini **
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Lamprotulini **   
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Gonideini **      

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
103 103 62 3 1 1 1 202.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae **      

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
100 100 90 3 2 2 1 128.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
  |                            
--+        +-- Chamberlainiini ** 
  |  +-----+                   
  |  |     +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Gonideini **       
        +--+                   
           +-- Lamprotulini **    

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
100 100 101 3 2 2 1 131.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
  |                            
--+  +-------- Chamberlainiini ** 
  |  |                         
  +--+-------- Unioninae **       
     |                         
     |  +----- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Gonideini **       
        +--+                   
           +-- Lamprotulini **    

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
86 86 82 4 6 2 1 122.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **       

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
86 86 83 4 6 2 1 122.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **       

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
85 85 83 4 11 7 1 121.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **       

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
85 85 81 4 11 7 1 121.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **       

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
83 83 50 4 0 0 0 106.0
  +-------------- Parreysiinae **  
  |                             
  |  +----------- Pseudodontini ** 
--+  |                          
  |  |        +-- Rectidentini **  
  |  |  +-----+                 
  +--+  |     +-- Contradentini ** 
     |  |                       
     |  |  +----- Unioninae **     
     |  |  |                    
     +--+  |  +-- Lamprotula **    
        |  |  |                 
        |  |  +-- Potomida **      
        |  |  |                 
        |  |  +-- Pronodularia **  
        +--+  |                 
           |  +-- Gonidea **       
           |  |                 
           |  +-- Leguminaia **    
           |  |                 
           |  +-- Microcondylaea **
           |  |                 
           +--+-- Amblemini **     
              |                 
              +-- Ortmanniana **   
              |                 
              +-- Lampsilis **     
              |                 
              +-- Cambarunio **    
              |                 
              +-- Elliptio **      
              |                 
              +-- Pleurobema **    
              |                 
              +-- Quadrulini **    

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
82 82 80 2 0 0 0 120.0
  +-- Parreysiinae **
--+               
  +-- Gonideinae **  

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
74 74 72 4 17 7 1 106.0
  +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                        
--+  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------------- Unioninae **       
     |  |                                  
     +--+              +-- Contradentini **   
        |  +-----------+                   
        |  |           +-- Rectidentini **    
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Ambleminae **      
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Chamberlainiini ** 
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Lamprotulini **    
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Pseudodontini **   
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Gonideini **       

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
74 74 72 4 17 7 1 106.0
  +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                        
--+  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------------- Unioninae **       
     |  |                                  
     +--+              +-- Rectidentini **    
        |  +-----------+                   
        |  |           +-- Contradentini **   
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Ambleminae **      
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Chamberlainiini ** 
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Lamprotulini **    
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Pseudodontini **   
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Gonideini **       

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
73 73 67 1 0 0 0 108.0
-- (Ambleminae

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
73 73 63 1 0 0 0 110.0
-- (Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
68 69 63 4 12 2 1 95.0
  +-------------------------- Parreysiinae **   
  |                                          
  |  +----------------------- Unioninae **      
--+  |                                       
  |  |              +-------- Rectidentini **   
  |  |  +-----------+                        
  +--+  |           |  +----- Lens **           
     |  |           +--+                     
     |  |              |  +-- Physunio **       
     |  |              +--+                  
     +--+                 +-- unionoid       
        |                                    
        |  +----------------- Ambleminae **     
        |  |                                 
        |  |              +-- Chamberlainiini **
        +--+  +-----------+                  
           |  |           +-- Lamprotulini **   
           |  |                              
           +--+           +-- Parvasolenaia **  
              |  +--------+                  
              |  |        +-- Pseudodontini **  
              +--+                           
                 |  +-------- Sinosolenaia **   
                 +--+                        
                    |  +----- Gonidea **        
                    +--+                     
                       |  +-- Microcondylaea ** 
                       +--+                  
                          +-- Leguminaia **     

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
66 66 63 3 10 10 1 88.0
  +----------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Pseudodontini **   
  |  |                               
  +--+           +-- Contradentini **   
     |  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Rectidentini **    
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Gonideini **       
        |  |                         
        +--+     +-- Chamberlainiini ** 
           |  +--+                   
           |  |  +-- Lamprotulini **    
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Ambleminae **      
              +--+                   
                 +-- Unioninae **       

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
66 66 64 3 10 10 1 86.0
  +----------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Pseudodontini **   
  |  |                               
  +--+           +-- Rectidentini **    
     |  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Contradentini **   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Gonideini **       
        |  |                         
        +--+     +-- Chamberlainiini ** 
           |  +--+                   
           |  |  +-- Lamprotulini **    
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Ambleminae **      
              +--+                   
                 +-- Unioninae **       

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
65 65 63 3 9 6 1 100.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
63 63 61 3 11 7 1 97.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
63 63 61 2 0 0 0 105.0
  +-- Gonideinae **  
--+               
  +-- Parreysiinae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
63 63 61 3 11 7 1 97.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
62 62 60 1 0 0 0 105.0
-- (Parreysiinae

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
61 61 49 2 0 0 0 103.0
  +-- Gonideinae **  
--+               
  +-- Parreysiinae **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
61 61 55 2 0 0 0 103.0
  +-- Gonideinae **  
--+               
  +-- Parreysiinae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
58 58 59 1 0 0 0 99.0
-- (Gonideinae

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
58 58 54 2 0 0 0 100.0
  +-- Gonideinae **  
--+               
  +-- Parreysiinae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
58 58 56 3 11 7 1 92.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
58 58 54 2 0 0 0 100.0
  +-- Gonideinae **  
--+               
  +-- Parreysiinae **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
58 58 52 2 0 0 0 100.0
  +-- Gonideinae **  
--+               
  +-- Parreysiinae **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
56 57 48 2 1 1 1 86.0
  +-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
--+-- Margaritiferidae
  |                   
  +-- Ambleminae **      

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
55 55 50 2 1 1 1 84.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **      

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
55 55 53 4 1 1 1 91.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Unioninae **       
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Ambleminae **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Gonideinae **      

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
52 52 50 4 2 2 1 91.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **       

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
52 52 51 1 2 2 1 93.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
51 51 49 3 2 2 1 87.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unioninae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **      

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
51 51 43 3 2 2 1 85.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
  |                            
  |  +-------- Quadrulini **      
--+  |                         
  |  +-------- Pleurobemini **    
  |  |                         
  |  |     +-- Amblemini **       
  +--+-----+                   
     |     +-- Lampsilini **      
     |                         
     |     +-- Lamprotulini **    
     |  +--+                   
     |  |  +-- Gonideini **       
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Chamberlainiini ** 
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **       

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
51 51 49 3 3 3 1 86.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **      

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
50 50 48 3 2 2 1 86.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
50 50 39 2 2 2 1 90.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Pseudodontini **   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Parreysiinae **    
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Rectidentini **    
        +--+                   
           +-- Contradentini **   

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
50 50 48 4 7 2 1 88.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Unioninae **       
        +--+                   
           +-- Parreysiinae **    

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
50 50 47 4 7 2 1 85.0
  +----- Ambleminae **  
  |                  
--+----- Gonideinae **  
  |                  
  |  +-- Unioninae **   
  +--+               
     +-- Parreysiinae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
47 47 45 3 10 6 1 81.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae **      

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
47 49 42 2 2 2 1 94.0
     +----- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                      
  |  |  +-- Pseudodontini **   
  |  +--+                   
  |     +-- Contradentini **   
  |                         
--+     +-- Gibbosulinae    
  |     |                   
  |     +-- Margaritiferinae
  |     |                   
  |     +-- Sinosolenaia **    
  |     |                   
  +-----+-- Leguminaia **      
        |                   
        +-- Gonidea **         
        |                   
        +-- Lamprotula **      
        |                   
        +-- Potomida **        

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
46 46 48 4 23 12 1 83.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Unioninae **       
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Ambleminae **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Gonideinae **      

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
46 46 49 4 23 12 1 84.0
  +----------------- Margaritiferidae
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Unioninae **       
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Chamberlainiini ** 
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Ambleminae **      
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Lamprotulini **    
              +--+                   
                 +-- Gonideini **       

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
46 46 44 3 3 3 1 83.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
46 46 49 4 23 12 1 84.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Unioninae **       
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Ambleminae **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Gonideinae **      

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
45 45 43 2 2 2 1 85.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Gonideinae **      

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
44 44 42 4 2 2 1 82.0
  +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                     
  |  +----------------- Ambleminae **      
--+  |                                  
  |  |        +-------- Parreysiinae **    
  |  |  +-----+                         
  +--+  |     |  +----- Unioninae **       
     |  |     +--+                      
     |  |        |  +-- Chamberlainia **   
     |  |        +--+                   
     |  |           +-- Discomya **        
     +--+                               
        |        +----- Ctenodesmini **    
        |  +-----+                      
        |  |     |  +-- Rectidentini **    
        |  |     +--+                   
        |  |        +-- Contradentini **   
        +--+                            
           |        +-- Schepmaniini **    
           |  +-----+                   
           |  |     +-- Pseudodontini **   
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Caudiculatus **    
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Potomida **        
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Gonideini **       

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
43 43 39 1 2 2 1 81.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **      

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
43 43 42 1 0 0 0 79.0
-- (Ambleminae

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
43 43 41 1 2 2 1 81.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **      

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
43 43 55 2 2 2 1 101.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
42 42 40 3 8 4 1 81.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
42 42 42 2 0 0 0 74.0
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
42 42 40 3 3 3 1 78.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
42 42 40 3 3 3 1 78.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
42 42 41 1 0 0 0 79.0
-- (Ambleminae

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
42 42 40 1 0 0 0 77.0
-- (Ambleminae

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
42 42 36 1 0 0 0 77.0
-- (Ambleminae

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 39 1 0 0 0 82.0
-- (Pseudodontini

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 42 1 0 0 0 83.0
-- (Anodontini

Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 40 1 0 0 0 77.0
-- (Ambleminae

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 41 2 0 0 0 73.0
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 39 3 6 4 1 80.0
  +----- Ambleminae **
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae **
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae ** 

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
41 41 42 1 0 0 0 81.0
-- (Ambleminae

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
40 40 39 3 0 0 0 79.0
  +----- Ambleminae **
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae **
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae ** 

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
40 40 39 2 2 2 1 82.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
  |                         
--+     +-- Lamprotulini **    
  |  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Gonideini **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Chamberlainiini ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
39 39 37 1 0 0 0 80.0
-- (Unioninae

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
39 39 37 1 0 0 0 80.0
-- (Pseudodontini

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
39 39 38 1 0 0 0 81.0
-- (Pseudodontini

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
38 38 36 3 3 3 1 76.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
38 38 34 4 2 2 1 73.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
  |                         
--+     +-- Gonideinae **      
  |  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
38 38 33 2 0 0 0 64.0
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
38 38 29 4 2 2 1 73.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
  |                         
--+     +-- Gonideinae **      
  |  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
38 38 34 2 0 0 0 73.0
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
37 37 35 4 2 2 1 75.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
  |                         
--+     +-- Parreysiinae **    
  |  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **      

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 34 1 2 2 1 75.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **      

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 22 1 0 0 0 79.0
-- (Parreysiinae

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 26 1 0 0 0 75.0
-- (Ambleminae

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 34 3 3 3 1 75.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 20 1 0 0 0 79.0
-- (Parreysiinae

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 33 1 0 0 0 75.0
-- (Gonideinae

Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 34 1 0 0 0 76.0
-- (Ambleminae

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
36 36 34 1 0 0 0 75.0
-- (Gonideinae

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 34 2 0 0 0 61.0
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 33 1 2 2 1 72.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **      

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 33 1 2 2 1 74.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **      

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 26 2 0 0 0 58.0
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 23 1 2 2 1 72.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **      

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 33 1 2 2 1 72.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **      

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 33 1 2 2 1 74.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **      

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
35 35 30 1 0 0 0 76.0
-- (Pleurobemini

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
34 34 32 4 2 2 1 72.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **       

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
34 34 21 1 0 0 0 76.0
-- (Gonideinae

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
33 34 33 2 5 4 1 72.0
  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                               
--+  +----------- Unioninae **       
  |  |                            
  +--+  +-------- Lampsilini **      
     |  |                         
     +--+     +-- Hyriidae        
        |  +--+                   
        |  |  +-- Amblemini **       
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Pleurobemini **    
           +--+                   
              +-- Quadrulini **      

Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
33 33 21 1 0 0 0 72.0
-- (Ambleminae

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
33 34 32 3 1 1 1 76.0
                       +----- Prolasmidonta **           
                    +--+                              
                    |  |  +-- Alasmidonta **             
                    |  +--+                           
  +-----------------+     +-- Anemina **                 
  |                 |                                 
  |                 |  +----- Pseudodontini **           
  |                 +--+                              
  |                    |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata **      
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       +-- Chamberlainia **           
  |                                                   
  |                    +----- Schistodesmus **           
  |              +-----+                              
  |              |     |  +-- Lepidodesmini **           
--+              |     +--+                           
  |              |        +-- Aculamprotula **           
  |  +-----------+                                    
  |  |           |     +----- Platynaias **              
  |  |           |  +--+                              
  |  |           |  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |  |           |  |  +--+                           
  |  |           +--+     +-- Pyganodon **               
  |  |              |                                 
  |  |              |  +----- Sinanodonta **             
  |  |              +--+                              
  |  |                 |  +-- Cristaria **               
  +--+                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Anodontina **              
     |                                                
     |                    +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     |              +-----+                           
     |              |     +-- Potamilus_alatus **        
     |  +-----------+                                 
     |  |           |  +----- Lamprotula_leaii **        
     |  |           +--+                              
     |  |              |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **           
     +--+              +--+                           
        |                 +-- Gonideini **               
        |                                             
        |  +----------------- Margaritiferidae        
        +--+                                          
           |  +-------------- Quadrulini **              
           +--+                                       
              |  +----------- Toxolasma **               
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ornata **        
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon **      
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea **   
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Lampsilis_powellii **      

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
33 33 31 3 10 6 1 70.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **      

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
32 32 30 3 0 0 0 69.0
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae **
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae **

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
32 32 31 3 5 4 1 67.0
  +----------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Quadrulina **      
  |  |                               
  |  |        +----- Lamprotulini **    
  +--+  +-----+                      
     |  |     |  +-- Chamberlainiini ** 
     |  |     +--+                   
     +--+        +-- Unioninae **       
        |                            
        |  +-------- Megalonaias **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Pleurobemini **    
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Amblemini **       
              +--+                   
                 +-- Lampsilini **      

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
32 32 30 3 0 0 0 69.0
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae **
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
32 32 30 3 2 2 1 71.0
  +----------------- Cumberlandia   
  |                                 
--+----------------- Margaritifera  
  |                                 
  |  +-------------- Unioninae **      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Sinosolenaia **   
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Lamprotulini **   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Ptychorhynchus ** 
              +--+                  
                 +-- Ambleminae **     

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
32 36 22 3 4 4 1 69.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
  |                      
--+----- Ambleminae **      
  |                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
32 32 14 3 2 2 1 71.0
  +-------- Cumberlandia   
  |                        
  +-------- Margaritifera  
--+                        
  |  +----- Unioninae **      
  |  |                     
  |  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus ** 
  +--+  |                  
     |  +-- Chamberlainiini **
     |  |                  
     +--+-- Lamprotulini **   
        |                  
        +-- Sinosolenaia **   
        |                  
        +-- Ambleminae **     

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 28 3 0 0 0 69.0
  +----- Parreysiinae **
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideinae **  
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae **   

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 22 3 0 0 0 69.0
  +----- Parreysiinae **
--+                  
  |  +-- Gonideinae **  
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae **   

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 32 29 4 3 2 1 65.0
  +-------------------------------- Parreysiinae **           
  |                                                        
--+  +----------------------------- Unioninae **              
  |  |                                                     
  +--+  +-------------------------- Ambleminae **             
     |  |                                                  
     +--+  +----------------------- Chamberlainiini **        
        |  |                                               
        +--+                    +-- Gonideini **              
           |  +-----------------+                          
           |  |                 +-- Pseudodontini **          
           +--+                                            
              |  +----------------- Contradentini **          
              |  |                                         
              +--+  +-------------- Pronodularia **           
                 |  |                                      
                 +--+  +----------- Potomida **               
                    |  |                                   
                    +--+  +-------- Lamprotula_leaii **       
                       |  |                                
                       +--+  +----- Lamprotula_caveata__2 **  
                          |  |                             
                          +--+  +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae **
                             |  |                          
                             +--+-- Margaritiferidae       
                                |                          
                                +-- Lamprotula_caveata__1 **  

Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 27 1 0 0 0 73.0
-- (Gonideinae

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
31 31 27 2 2 2 1 66.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **      

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
30 30 28 3 3 3 1 69.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
30 30 28 4 10 2 1 61.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Unioninae **       
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Ambleminae **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Gonideinae **      

Burdick & White, 2007 [Publ 2679], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
30 30 31 1 0 0 0 70.0
-- (Ambleminae

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
30 30 13 2 4 3 1 75.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
30 30 28 2 2 2 1 68.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Gonideinae **      

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
30 30 28 3 2 2 1 69.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 26 1 2 2 1 72.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 27 2 2 2 1 72.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 27 1 0 0 0 72.0
-- (Gonideinae

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 30 2 4 2 1 72.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 20 1 0 0 0 66.0
-- (Ambleminae

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 26 2 2 2 1 72.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
29 29 27 1 0 0 0 68.0
-- (Ambleminae

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 27 1 0 0 0 69.0
-- (Anodontini

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 1 0 0 0 69.0
-- (Ambleminae

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 27 3 1 1 1 67.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 2-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
28 28 26 1 0 0 0 69.0
-- (Ambleminae

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 25 1 1 1 1 70.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Parreysiinae **    

Konopleva et al., 2021 [Publ 4213], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 22 1 0 0 0 67.0
-- (Gonideinae

Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 25 2 0 0 0 63.0
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 25 2 2 2 1 63.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **      

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
27 27 25 1 0 0 0 67.0
-- (Anodontini

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 26 23 1 0 0 0 66.0
-- (Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 26 23 2 2 2 1 64.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **      

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 26 17 1 0 0 0 56.0
-- (Ambleminae

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
26 26 18 1 0 0 0 66.0
-- (Ambleminae

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
25 25 6 1 0 0 0 65.0
-- (Ambleminae

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
25 25 19 2 5 2 1 46.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionini **        
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodontini **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae **      

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
25 25 23 4 0 0 0 49.0
  +-------------------------------- Parreysiinae **  
  |                                               
--+  +----------------------------- Unioninae **     
  |  |                                            
  +--+  +-------------------------- Lamprotulini **  
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +----------------------- Quadrulini **    
        |  |                                      
        +--+  +-------------------- Gonideini **     
           |  |                                   
           |  |              +----- Eurynia **       
           +--+  +-----------+                    
              |  |           |  +-- Cambarunio **    
              |  |           +--+                 
              |  |              +-- Ptychobranchus **
              +--+                                
                 |              +-- Amblemini **     
                 |  +-----------+                 
                 |  |           +-- Pleurobema **    
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----------- Truncilla **     
                    |  |                          
                    +--+        +-- Lampsilis **     
                       |  +-----+                 
                       |  |     +-- Epioblasma **    
                       +--+                       
                          |  +----- Ligumia **       
                          +--+                    
                             |  +-- Obliquaria **    
                             +--+                 
                                +-- Ortmanniana **   

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
25 25 9 1 0 0 0 65.0
-- (Ambleminae

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
25 25 19 4 22 2 1 34.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
  |                            
--+  +-------- Pseudodontini **   
  |  |                         
  +--+  +----- Parreysiinae **    
     |  |                      
     |  +----- Contradentini **   
     +--+                      
        +----- Unioninae **       
        |                      
        |  +-- Gonideini **       
        +--+                   
           +-- Ambleminae **      

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
25 25 27 1 0 0 0 59.0
-- (Ambleminae

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
25 25 23 2 5 2 1 48.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionini **        
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodontini **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae **      

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
25 26 24 4 22 2 1 33.0
  +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
--+                                     
  |  +----------------- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------------- Etheriidae      
     +--+                               
        |  +----------- Unioninae **       
        +--+                            
           |  +-------- Contradentini **   
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Ambleminae **      
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Gonideini **       
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Pseudodontini **   

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
25 25 23 2 0 0 0 66.0
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae ** 

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 22 2 2 2 1 60.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **      

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 22 2 0 0 0 61.0
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae ** 

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 27 24 4 22 2 1 28.0
  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **    
--+                                     
  |  +----------------- Etheriidae      
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
     +--+                               
        |  +----------- Pseudodontini **   
        +--+                            
           |  +-------- Contradentini **   
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Unioninae **       
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Gonideini **       
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Ambleminae **      

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 22 1 0 0 0 65.0
-- (Unioninae

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 17 2 0 0 0 61.0
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae ** 

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 22 2 4 3 1 62.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **      

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 22 3 0 0 0 65.0
  +----- Parreysiinae **
--+                  
  |  +-- Unioninae **   
  +--+               
     +-- Gonideinae **  

Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 10 1 0 0 0 62.0
-- (Ambleminae

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 23 4 12 2 1 51.0
  +-------------- Parreysiinae ** 
  |                            
--+           +-- Pseudodontini **
  |  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Contradentini **
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Unioninae **    
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Gonideini **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lamprotulini ** 
           +--+                
              +-- Ambleminae **   

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 20 2 3 3 1 62.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **      

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
24 24 21 4 12 2 1 50.0
  +----------------- Parreysiinae ** 
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Contradentini **
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Pseudodontini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unioninae **    
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Gonideini **    
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lamprotulini ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Ambleminae **   

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3922], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
23 23 21 1 0 0 0 66.0
-- (Parreysiinae

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
23 23 21 2 0 0 0 60.0
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae ** 

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
22 22 20 3 1 1 1 60.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unioninae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **      

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
22 22 20 1 0 0 0 64.0
-- (Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
22 22 20 1 0 0 0 64.0
-- (Unioninae

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
22 22 20 3 0 0 0 59.0
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae **
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 1 0 0 0 64.0
-- (Gonideinae

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 2 0 0 0 56.0
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 3 20 7 1 61.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 2 10 2 1 60.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Parreysiinae **    

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 3 0 0 0 58.0
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae **
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae **

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 2 0 0 0 56.0
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
21 21 19 3 20 7 1 61.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 13 1 0 0 0 58.0
-- (Ambleminae

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 21 19 2 3 3 1 66.0
  +-------------------- Margaritiferinae       
  |                                            
  |  +----------------- Anodontini **             
--+  |                                         
  |  |     +----------- Chamberlainiini **        
  |  |  +--+                                   
  +--+  |  |  +-------- Lamprotula_leaii **       
     |  |  +--+                                
     |  |     |  +----- Lamprotula_caveata **     
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Gibbosulinae           
     +--+        +--+                          
        |           +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae **
        |                                      
        |        +----- Schistodesmus **          
        |     +--+                             
        |     |  |  +-- Lanceolariini **          
        |     |  +--+                          
        +-----+     +-- Acuticostini **           
              |                                
              |  +----- Aculamprotula **          
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia **           
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Nodularia **              

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 19 2 2 2 1 63.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 21 19 3 1 1 1 64.0
  +-------------------- Sinanodonta **            
  |                                            
--+  +----------------- Cristaria **              
  |  |                                         
  |  |        +-------- Aculamprotula **          
  +--+  +-----+                                
     |  |     |  +----- Acuticostini **           
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Nodularia **              
     +--+        +--+                          
        |           +-- Cuneopsis **              
        |                                      
        |  +----------- Ambleminae **             
        +--+                                   
           |  +-------- Lamprotula_leaii **       
           +--+                                
              |  +----- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae **
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Margaritiferidae       
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Lamprotula_caveata **     

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 18 3 3 2 1 60.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
20 20 23 2 0 0 0 58.0
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 20 18 3 1 1 1 58.0
  +-------- Unioninae **       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **      

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 17 2 1 1 1 59.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Gonideinae **      

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 17 2 2 2 1 61.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 14 2 2 2 1 61.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 17 3 6 2 1 56.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **      

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 17 2 1 1 1 59.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Gonideinae **      

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 16 3 1 1 1 54.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
  |                            
--+  +-------- Amblemini **       
  |  |                         
  |  +-------- Pleurobemini **    
  +--+                         
     +-------- Lampsilini **      
     |                         
     |  +----- Quadrulini **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Gonideinae **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **       

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
19 19 17 3 6 2 1 58.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 4 13 2 1 43.0
  +-------- Parreysiinae **
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae **   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Gonideinae **  
     +--+               
        +-- Ambleminae **  

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 1 2 2 1 60.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 15 3 2 2 1 57.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 17 1 0 0 0 60.0
-- (Anodontini

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 21 14 4 16 2 1 47.0
  +-------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |                               
--+  +----------- Etheriidae      
  |  |                            
  +--+  +-------- Anodontini **      
     |  |                         
     +--+  +----- Gonideinae **      
        |  |                      
        +--+----- Unionini **        
           |                      
           |  +-- Margaritiferidae
           +--+                   
              +-- Ambleminae **      

Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 1 0 0 0 57.0
-- (Ambleminae

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 10 1 0 0 0 60.0
-- (Unioninae

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 14 4 13 2 1 51.0
  +-------------------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                                 
--+  +----------------------------- Gonideinae **      
  |  |                                              
  +--+  +-------------------------- Parreysiinae **    
     |  |                                           
     +--+  +----------------------- Fusconaia **       
        |  |                                        
        |  +----------------------- Amblemini **       
        +--+                                        
           |  +-------------------- Quadrulini **      
           |  |                                     
           +--+  +----------------- Pleurobema **      
              |  |                                  
              +--+  +-------------- Eurynia **         
                 |  |                               
                 |  |           +-- Cyrtonaias **      
                 +--+-----------+                   
                    |           +-- Unioninae **       
                    |                               
                    |  +----------- Ortmanniana **     
                    +--+                            
                       |  +-------- Glebula **         
                       +--+                         
                          |  +----- Potamilus **       
                          +--+                      
                             |  +-- Ligumia **         
                             +--+                   
                                +-- Toxolasma **       

Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 13 1 0 0 0 56.0
-- (Ambleminae

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 1 3 4 3 1 55.0
  +----- Anodontina **         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideinae **         
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres **    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria **         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma **         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula **           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus **          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema **            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio **           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia **          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus **        
     |                      
     +-- Pleurobema **         
     |                      
     +-- Unionini **           

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 20 17 4 13 2 1 43.0
  +----------- Parreysiinae **    
--+                            
  |  +-------- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Gonideinae **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **       

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 1 0 0 0 62.0
-- (Cristariina

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 3 1 1 1 56.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unioninae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **      

Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 2 0 0 0 60.0
  +-- Gonideinae **  
--+               
  +-- Parreysiinae **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 28 16 4 13 2 1 45.5
  +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                     
  |  +----------------- Amblemini **       
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Eurynia **         
--+  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Fusconaia **       
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Gonideinae **      
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Pleurobema **      
  |  |                                  
  +--+----------------- Quadrulini **      
     |                                  
     |     +----------- Ortmanniana **     
     +-----+                            
     |     |  +-------- Glebula **         
     |     +--+                         
     |        |  +----- Potamilus **       
     |        +--+                      
     |           |  +-- Ligumia **         
     |           +--+                   
     |              +-- Toxolasma **       
     |                                  
     |  +-------------- Cyrtonaias **      
     +--+                               
        |  +----------- Unionini **        
        +--+                            
           |  +-------- Anodontini **      
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Hyriidae        
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Iridinidae      
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Mycetopodidae   

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 16 3 1 1 1 56.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unioninae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **      

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 18 1 3 4 3 1 55.0
  +----- Anodontina **         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideinae **         
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres **    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria **         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma **         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula **           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus **          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema **            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio **           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia **          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus **        
     |                      
     +-- Aculamprotula **      
     |                      
     +-- Unio **               

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
18 20 17 4 13 2 1 43.0
  +----------- Parreysiinae **    
--+                            
  |  +-------- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Unioninae **       
        +--+                   
           +-- Ambleminae **      

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 2 2 2 1 58.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 13 1 1 1 1 56.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 1 0 0 0 59.0
-- (Unioninae

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 18 2 4 2 1 60.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 2 0 0 0 59.0
                 +-- Gonideinae **   
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Lepidodesmini **
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Aculamprotula **
  |  |                            
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini ** 
     |  +--------+                
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unio **         
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Nodularia **    
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Schistodesmus **
              +--+                
                 +-- Cuneopsis **    

Grobler et al., 2011 [Publ 3359], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 13 1 0 0 0 54.0
-- (Ambleminae

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 13 3 0 0 0 54.0
  +-- Gonideinae **
  |             
--+-- Unioninae ** 
  |             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 3 2 2 1 57.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unioninae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **      

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 3 5 3 1 57.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 3 0 0 0 58.0
  +-------- Anodontini **   
  |                      
--+     +-- Lanceolariini **
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Unionini **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Ambleminae **   
     +--+                
        +-- Gonideinae **   

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 18 11 3 1 0 0 59.0
  +----------- Cristariina **    
  |                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini **  
  |  |                        
--+  +-------- Anodonta **       
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Unionini **       
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Alasmidontina **  
     +-----+                  
     |     +-- Pseudanodonta **  
     |                        
     |  +----- Ambleminae **     
     |  |                     
     +--+  +-- Hyriidae       
        |  |                  
        +--+-- Lamprotulini **   
           |                  
           +-- Chamberlainiini **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
17 17 15 3 5 3 1 57.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 3 3 3 3 1 57.0
  +----------- Cumberlandia       
  |                               
  +----------- Margaritifera      
  |                               
  |  +-------- Gonideinae **         
--+  |                            
  |  |     +-- Elliptio **           
  |  |     |                      
  |  |     +-- Fusconaia **          
  |  |     |                      
  +--+  +--+-- Amblemini **          
     |  |  |                      
     |  |  +-- Pleurobema **         
     |  |  |                      
     |  |  +-- Unionini **           
     |  |                         
     |  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
     +--+  |                      
        |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
        |  |                      
        |  +-- Utterbackia **        
        |  |                      
        |  +-- Lampsilis_teres **    
        |  |                      
        |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
        +--+                      
           +-- Megalonaias **        
           |                      
           +-- Obliquaria **         
           |                      
           +-- Theliderma **         
           |                      
           +-- Quadrula **           
           |                      
           +-- Uniomerus **          

Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 12 1 0 0 0 52.0
-- (Ambleminae

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 3 0 0 0 56.0
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae **
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae **

Johnson et al., 2018 [Publ 3844], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 1 0 0 0 56.0
-- (Ambleminae

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 1 0 0 0 60.0
-- (Lampsilini

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 10 1 0 0 0 57.0
-- (Anodontini

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 3 1 1 1 57.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 4 4 1 1 56.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **       

Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 14 1 0 0 0 59.0
-- (Unioninae

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
16 16 13 1 0 0 0 57.0
-- (Anodontini

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 56.0
-- (Anodontini

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 12 2 0 0 0 58.0
        +-- Lanceolariini **
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini **     
--+                      
  |  +----- Acuticostini ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontini **   
     +--+                
        +-- Gonideinae **   

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 2 1 0 0 0 56.0
-- (Anodontini

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 59.0
-- (Parreysiinae

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 12 1 0 0 0 59.0
-- (Contradentini

Kongim et al., 2023 [Publ 4290], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 56.0
-- (Gonideinae

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 3 1 1 1 52.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **      

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 56.0
-- (Anodontini

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 1 0 0 0 57.0
-- (Ambleminae

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 13 3 2 1 1 55.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
15 15 12 1 0 0 0 52.0
-- (Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 57.0
-- (Unio

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 2 0 0 0 56.0
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae ** 

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 3 2 2 1 54.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 56.0
-- (Quadrulini

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3738], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 12 1 0 0 0 55.0
-- (Unionini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
14 14 10 2 3 2 1 55.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 14 12 2 1 1 1 55.0
  +-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
--+-- Margaritiferidae
  |                   
  +-- Ambleminae **      

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 2 0 0 0 55.0
  +-- Parreysiinae **
--+               
  +-- Unioninae **   

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 3 2 2 1 51.0
  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                               
  |           +-- Anodontina **      
--+  +--------+                   
  |  |        +-- Utterbackia **     
  |  |                            
  +--+        +-- Gonideinae **      
     |  +-----+                   
     |  |     +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Unionini **        
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Pyganodon **       
           +--+                   
              +-- Cristariina **     

Sayenko et al., 2021 [Publ 4189], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 56.0
-- (Unionini

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 10 2 0 0 0 55.0
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae ** 

Jeratthitikul & Sutcharit, 2023 [Publ 4289], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 1 0 0 0 54.0
-- (Pseudodontini

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 14 12 2 1 1 1 54.0
  +-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
--+-- Margaritiferidae
  |                   
  +-- Ambleminae **      

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 14 9 2 1 1 1 54.0
  +----- Unioninae **       
  |                      
  +----- Margaritiferidae
  |                      
--+----- Quadrulini **      
  |                      
  +----- Lampsilini **      
  |                      
  |  +-- Amblemini **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Pleurobemini **    

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 4 1 1 1 51.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Unioninae **       
        +--+                   
           +-- Gonideinae **      

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 2 0 0 0 50.0
  +-- Ambleminae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae ** 

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 3 0 0 0 51.0
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae **
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 14 11 2 1 1 1 55.0
  +----- Unioninae **       
  |                      
  +----- Margaritiferidae
  |                      
--+----- Lampsilini **      
  |                      
  +----- Amblemini **       
  |                      
  |  +-- Quadrulini **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Pleurobemini **    

Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 12 1 1 1 1 57.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 3 0 0 0 51.0
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae **
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 12 3 3 2 1 53.0
  +-------------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__2
  |                                             
--+           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera__1
  |  +--------+                                 
  |  |        +-- Margaritifera_falcata         
  +--+                                          
     |  +-------- Unioninae **                     
     |  |                                       
     +--+     +-- Pleurobemini **                  
        |  +--+                                 
        |  |  +-- Gonideinae **                    
        +--+                                    
           |  +-- Lampsilini **                    
           +--+                                 
              +-- Quadrulini **                    

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 3 2 1 1 51.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
13 13 11 2 1 1 1 54.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
  |                            
--+        +-- Quadrulini **      
  |  +-----+                   
  |  |     +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Lampsilini **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Amblemini **       
        +--+                   
           +-- Pleurobemini **    

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 3 3 1 1 47.0
  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+                               
  |  +----------- Pseudodontini **   
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Gonidea **         
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Inversidens **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Unioninae **       
           +--+                   
              +-- Ambleminae **      

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 3 0 0 0 53.0
        +-- Gonideini **      
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Lamprotulini **   
--+                        
  |  +----- Chamberlainiini **
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Ambleminae **     
     +--+                  
        +-- Unioninae **      

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 11 1 0 0 0 55.0
-- (Unionini

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 9 1 0 0 0 56.0
-- (Anodontini

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 9 1 1 1 1 56.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 12 2 0 0 0 55.0
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae ** 

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 7A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 55.0
-- (Contradentini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 8 1 2 2 1 56.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 3 2 1 1 52.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 13 11 3 3 1 1 52.0
  +-------------- Unioninae **       
  |                               
--+  +----------- Lamprotulini **    
  |  |                            
  +--+        +-- Gonideini **       
     |  +-----+                   
     |  |     +-- Pseudodontini **   
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Lampsilini **      
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Pleurobemini **    
           +--+                   
              +-- Margaritiferidae

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 12 1 0 0 0 56.0
-- (Cristariina

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 57.0
-- (Unionini

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 3 3 1 1 47.0
  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+                               
  |  +----------- Pseudodontini **   
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Gonidea **         
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Inversidens **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Unioninae **       
           +--+                   
              +-- Ambleminae **      

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 54.0
-- (Pleurobemini

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 1 0 0 0 55.0
-- (Gonideinae

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 2 0 0 0 53.0
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae ** 

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 10 3 6 1 1 35.0
  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+                               
  |  +----------- Pseudodontini **   
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Contradentini **   
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Unioninae **       
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Gonideini **       
           +--+                   
              +-- Ambleminae **      

Konopleva et al., 2020 [Publ 4072], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
12 12 9 1 0 0 0 56.0
-- (Parreysiinae

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 3 3 3 1 54.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 4 23 12 1 55.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
  |                         
--+     +-- Ambleminae **      
  |  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 52.0
-- (Pleurobemini

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 6 1 0 0 0 49.0
-- (Ambleminae

Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 8 3 0 0 0 53.0
  +----- Ambleminae **
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae **
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae ** 

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 12

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 8 1 0 0 0 54.0
-- (Contradentini

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 27

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 7 1 0 0 0 55.0
-- (Gonideinae

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 2 1 1 1 49.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **      

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 4 23 12 1 55.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
  |                         
--+     +-- Ambleminae **      
  |  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Roe, 2013 [Publ 3571], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
11 11 9 1 0 0 0 52.0
-- (Lampsilini

Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. S1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 52.0
-- (Ambleminae

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 6 3 1 1 1 52.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 3 4 3 1 48.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unioninae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae **      

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 53.0
-- (Unio

Roe et al., 2002 [Publ 2689], fig. 3a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 51.0
-- (Lampsilini

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 9 3 1 1 1 50.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 7 1 1 1 1 52.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 4 6 0 0 56.0
  +-------------------------- Lamellidens_mainwaringi **
--+                                                  
  |  +----------------------- Lamprotula **             
  +--+                                               
     |  +-------------------- Potomida **               
     +--+                                            
        |  +----------------- Lampsilini **             
        +--+                                         
           |  +-------------- Pleurobemini **           
           +--+                                      
              |  +----------- Aculamprotula **          
              +--+                                   
                 |  +-------- Unio_pictorum **          
                 +--+                                
                    |  +----- Anodontini **             
                    +--+                             
                       |  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **        
                       +--+                          
                          +-- Lamellidens_corrianus **  

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 2 2 1 54.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Roe & Lydeard, 1998 [Publ 2693], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 5 1 0 0 0 52.0
-- (Ambleminae

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 7 3 0 0 0 49.0
  +----- Ambleminae **
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae **
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae ** 

Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 11 13 2 1 1 1 52.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
  |                   
--+-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
  +-- Parreysiinae **    

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 2 2 1 54.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 2 0 0 0 53.0
  +-- Parreysiinae **
--+               
  +-- Unioninae **   

Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 52.0
-- (Pleurobemini

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 11 9 2 1 1 1 52.0
  +----- Ambleminae **      
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferidae

Stodola et al., 2021 [Publ 4266], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 7 1 0 0 0 53.0
-- (Lampsilini

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 10 8 1 0 0 0 51.0
-- (Unioninae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
10 16 13 3 26 6 1 52.0
  +-------- Unioninae **       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae **      

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 6 1 0 0 0 53.0
-- (Lamellidentini

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 3 1 1 1 51.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 3 2 1 1 47.0
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae **
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 15 7 4 6 0 0 55.0
  +-------- Parreysiinae **
  |                     
  +-------- Gonideinae **  
--+                     
  |     +-- Hyriidae    
  |  +--+               
  |  |  +-- Trigoniidae 
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Pleurobemini **
     |  |               
     +--+-- Lampsilini **  
        |               
        +-- Unioninae **   

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 3 3 2 1 48.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae **      

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 2 0 0 0 50.0
  +----- Gonideini **   
--+                  
  |  +-- Lamprotulini **
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae **   

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 3 2 1 1 49.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 51.0
-- (Unioninae

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 0 4 6 0 0 51.0
  +-- Aculamprotula **  
  |                  
  +-- Lamprotula **     
  |                  
  +-- Lampsilini **     
  |                  
  +-- Potomida **       
  |                  
--+-- Unio_pictorum **  
  |                  
  +-- Anodontini **     
  |                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
  |                  
  +-- Parreysiinae **   
  |                  
  +-- Pleurobemini **   

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 3 0 0 0 49.0
  +----- Ambleminae **
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae **
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae ** 

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 8 2 0 0 0 53.0
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Gonideinae **

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 50.0
-- (Alasmidontina

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 25

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 53.0
-- (Contradentini

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 3 3 2 1 50.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Unioninae **       
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Lampsilini **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Quadrulini **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Gonideinae **      

Muanta et al., 2019 [Publ 3921], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 8 1 0 0 0 54.0
-- (Rectidentini

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 10 2 1 1 1 49.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **      

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 14 2 0 0 0 52.0
     +-- Pseudodontini **
  +--+                
  |  +-- Parreysiinae ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Rectidentini ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Contradentini **

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 2 1 1 1 50.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 1 0 0 0 47.0
-- (Ambleminae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 5 1 0 0 0 51.0
-- (Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 3 1 1 1 49.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
9 9 7 2 1 1 1 53.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Anodontini **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Lanceolariini **   
        +--+                   
           +-- Unionini **        

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 7 1 0 0 0 53.0
-- (Contradentini

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 5 2 1 1 1 45.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Kondakov et al., 2018 [Publ 3914], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 52.0
-- (Cristariina

Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 3 0 0 0 47.0
  +-------------- Cristariina **  
--+                            
  |  +----------- Alasmidontina **
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lampsilis **    
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Gonideinae **   
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Venustaconcha **
           +--+                
              +-- Quadrulini **   

Marrone et al., 2019 [Publ 3907], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 4 1 0 0 0 51.0
-- (Unio

Bauer et al., 2021 [Publ 4365], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 52.0
-- (Cristariina

Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 7 1 2 2 1 53.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 50.0
-- (Unioninae

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 2 1 0 0 45.0
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 2 1 0 0 45.0
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 2 2 1 52.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 3 2 0 0 0 49.0
  +-- Ambleminae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae ** 

Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 50.0
-- (Unioninae

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 3 2 1 1 51.0
  +----- Gonideinae **
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae **
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae ** 

Klishko et al., 2018 [Publ 3945], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 51.0
-- (Unionini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 2 2 1 52.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 5 1 0 0 0 50.0
-- (Unioninae

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 3 0 0 0 47.0
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae **
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 8A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
8 8 6 1 0 0 0 51.0
-- (Pseudodontina

Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 9 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Lampsilini

Smith et al., 2023 [Publ 4291], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 50.0
-- (Alasmidontina

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 4 1 0 0 0 49.0
-- (Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 2 2 1 51.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3727], fig. 3_4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 3 1 0 0 0 51.0
-- (Gonideinae

Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 16

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 50.0
-- (Epioblasma

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 30

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 51.0
-- (Rectidentini

Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 49.0
-- (Lampsilini

Hoeh et al., 1995 [Publ 3391], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 4 1 0 0 0 50.0
-- (Alasmidontina

Goncalves et al., 2022 [Publ 4253], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 6 1 0 0 0 51.0
-- (Gonideinae

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 2 0 0 0 46.0
  +-- Ambleminae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae ** 

Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 10 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Lampsilini

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 8 4 1 1 1 1 50.0
  +----- Anodontina **      
  |                      
--+  +-- Cristariina **     
  |  |                   
  +--+-- Margaritiferidae
     |                   
     +-- Unionini **        

Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 8 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Lampsilini

Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 3 0 0 0 48.0
  +----- Ambleminae **
--+                
  |  +-- Unioninae ** 
  +--+             
     +-- Gonideinae **

Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 17

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 1 1 0 0 0 50.0
-- (Epioblasma

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 50.0
-- (Unionini

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 2 0 0 0 46.0
  +-- Ambleminae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae ** 

Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 7 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Lampsilini

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 3 1 0 0 0 50.0
-- (Gonideinae

Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 3 1 0 0 0 49.0
-- (Lampsilini

Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 8 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Lampsilini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
7 7 5 1 0 0 0 49.0
-- (Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 16

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 5 1 2 2 1 50.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **      

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 5 1 2 2 1 51.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 3 0 0 0 45.0
  +----- Unioninae ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Gonideinae **
  +--+             
     +-- Ambleminae **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 3 1 1 1 49.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Quadrulini **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Gonideinae **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Lampsilini **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Unioninae **       

Klishko et al., 2017 [Publ 3946], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 49.0
-- (Unionini

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 3 1 0 0 0 47.0
-- (Alasmidontina

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 1 1 1 50.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 7 2 1 1 1 1 48.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
  |                   
--+-- Anodontini **      
  |                   
  +-- Unionini **        

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 15 13 3 11 1 1 56.5
  +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                     
  |           +-------- Unionini **        
--+  +--------+                         
  |  |        |  +----- Pleurobemini **    
  |  |        +--+                      
  |  |           |  +-- Anodontini **      
  +--+           +--+                   
     |              +-- Lampsilini **      
     |                                  
     |  +-------------- Parreysiini **     
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----------- Coelaturini **     
        |  |                            
        +--+  +-------- Hyriidae        
           |  |                         
           +--+  +----- Iridinidae      
              |  |                      
              +--+  +-- Anodontitinae   
                 |  |                   
                 +--+-- Mycetopodinae   
                    |                   
                    +-- Etheriidae      

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Unioninae

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 4 23 12 1 50.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Unioninae **       
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Ambleminae **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Parreysiinae **    

Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Ambleminae

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 4042], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 50.0
-- (Anodontini

Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 2 3 0 0 0 48.0
  +----- Gonideinae **   
  |                   
--+  +-- Cristariina **  
  |  |                
  |  +-- Lampsilini **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **
     |                
     +-- Quadrulini **   

Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 6 1 0 0 0 51.0
-- (Lampsilis

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 3 3 2 1 1 46.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
  |                      
--+  +-- Gonideinae **      
  |  |                   
  +--+-- Unioninae **       
     |                   
     +-- Ambleminae **      

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 2 2 1 50.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Moyer & Díaz-Ferguson, 2012 [Publ 3375], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 5 2 0 0 0 48.0
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Ambleminae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Unioninae

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 3 1 1 1 49.0
  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Quadrulini **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Lampsilini **      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Unioninae **       
        +--+                   
           +-- Gonideinae **      

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 7 4 1 1 1 1 48.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
  |                   
--+-- Anodontini **      
  |                   
  +-- Unionini **        

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 3 3 2 1 1 46.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
  |                      
--+  +-- Gonideinae **      
  |  |                   
  +--+-- Unioninae **       
     |                   
     +-- Ambleminae **      

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Unioninae

Zieritz et al., 2016 [Publ 3804], fig. S2-1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 3 1 0 0 0 50.0
-- (Rectidentini

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 50.0
-- (Anodontini

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 2 0 0 0 46.0
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 50.0
-- (Unionini

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 5 1 0 0 0 49.0
-- (Unionini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Unioninae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
6 6 4 1 2 2 1 50.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 49.0
-- (Lamellidentini

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 1 1 1 46.5
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Lamprotulini **    
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Gonideini **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Saxon et al., 2023 [Publ 4338], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Lampsilini

Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 0 0 0 47.0
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Anodontini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 14

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Gonideini

Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 47.0
-- (Unioninae

Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Lampsilini

Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 0 0 0 46.0
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 1 1 1 48.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 49.0
-- (Leoparreysia

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 7

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 49.0
-- (Anodontini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 2 2 1 49.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 1 1 1 49.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 1 1 1 47.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 0 0 0 45.0
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae ** 

Nagel et al., 1996 [Publ 3400], fig. 351

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 49.0
-- (Anodontini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 47.0
-- (Unioninae

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 0 0 0 47.0
  +-- Ambleminae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae ** 

Lane et al., 2016 [Publ 3735], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 1 1 0 0 0 49.0
-- (Lampsilini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 49.0
-- (Cristariina

Mabuchi et al., 2021 [Publ 4233], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 49.0
-- (Unionini

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2C

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Anodontini

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 1 1 1 47.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Jones et al., 2006 [Publ 2681], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 4 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Epioblasma

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 2 0 0 0 43.0
  +-------- Quadrulini **  
--+                     
  |  +----- Unioninae **   
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Lampsilini **  
     +--+               
        +-- Pleurobemini **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 1 1 1 49.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Krebs et al., 2013 [Publ 3515], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
5 5 3 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Lampsilini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Cristariina

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2D

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 47.0
-- (Pyganodon

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 47.0
-- (Anodontini

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 47.0
  +----- Quadrulini **
--+                
  |  +-- Unioninae ** 
  +--+             
     +-- Lampsilini **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 26 10 1 45.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Anodontini

Patterson et al., 2021 [Publ 4222], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 46.0
-- (Ambleminae

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 17

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 3 1 2 2 1 48.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **      

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 45.0
  +-- Ambleminae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae ** 

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 47.0
  +----- Lampsilini **
--+                
  |  +-- Unioninae ** 
  +--+             
     +-- Quadrulini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 2 2 1 48.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Klishko et al., 2016 [Publ 3733], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Cristariina

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9c

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 3 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Cristariina

Klishko et al., 2014 [Publ 3666], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Cristariina

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 45.0
  +-- Ambleminae **
--+             
  +-- Unioninae ** 

Sayenko et al., 2017 [Publ 3760], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Cristariina

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 42.0
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 1 3 0 0 0 47.0
  +-- Ambleminae **
  |             
--+-- Unioninae ** 
  |             
  +-- Gonideinae **

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 1 3 0 0 0 47.0
  +-- Unioninae ** 
  |             
--+-- Ambleminae **
  |             
  +-- Gonideinae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 14

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 2 2 1 48.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Gonideinae **      

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 7 1 1 42.0
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Anodontini

Gangloff et al., 2013 [Publ 3551], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 47.0
-- (Lampsilini

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 8

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 1 1 0 0 0 47.0
-- (Unio

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 26 10 1 45.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Anodontini

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 2 1 1 1 46.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 11

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Anodonta

Bulakhova et al., 2023 [Publ 4325], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 48.0
-- (Beringiana

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3835], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 47.0
-- (Quadrulini

Johnson et al., 2023 [Publ 4323], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
4 4 2 1 0 0 0 47.0
-- (Pleurobemini

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 12 1 1 46.0
  +----- Unioninae **   
--+                  
  |  +-- Ambleminae **  
  +--+               
     +-- Parreysiinae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2016 [Publ 3757], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 47.0
-- (Anodontina

Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 46.0
  +----- Sinanodonta **
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristaria **  
  +--+              
     +-- Gonideinae ** 

Metzger et al., 2018 [Publ 3952], fig. 1C

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 44.0
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Imsong & Murali, 2023 [Publ 4370], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 47.0
-- (Parreysiinae

Shirai et al., 2010 [Publ 3353], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 47.0
-- (Gonideinae

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 45.0
-- (Unioninae

Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 0 2 3 1 1 46.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
  |                      
--+  +-- Pleurobemini **    
  |  |                   
  +--+-- Lampsilini **      
     |                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 3 3 1 45.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 12 1 1 46.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Parreysiinae **    
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae **      

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 45.0
-- (Unioninae

Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 46.0
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Gonideinae **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 7 7 1 45.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Kilikowska et al., 2020 [Publ 4335], fig. 4a

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 47.0
-- (Unio

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1-F

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 1 1 1 45.0
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Ambleminae **      

Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 0 0 0 46.0
  +-- Unioninae ** 
--+             
  +-- Gonideinae **

Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 4 2 2 1 1 1 47.0
  +-------- Cristaria **       
--+                         
  |  +----- Sinanodonta **     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **      

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 8 7 1 45.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 6A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 47.0
-- (Rectidentini

Hinzmann et al., 2013 [Publ 3541], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 47.0
-- (Anodontina

Smith & Johnson, 2020 [Publ 4229], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 47.0
-- (Potamilus

Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 1 0 0 44.0
     +-- None__1   
  +--+             
  |  +-- None__2   
--+                
  |  +-- Ambleminae **
  +--+             
     +-- Unioninae ** 

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 0 2 9 7 1 46.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
  |                      
--+  +-- Unionini **        
  |  |                   
  +--+-- Anodontini **      
     |                   
     +-- Ambleminae **      

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 2 9 7 1 45.0
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Krebs et al., 2019 [Publ 4092], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 46.0
-- (Pyganodon

Froufe et al., 2014 [Publ 3592], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 1 0 0 0 47.0
-- (Anodontina

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 3 1 3 25 14 1 46.0
  +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+                         
  |  +----- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **       

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
3 14 12 2 11 1 1 45.5
     +-- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyriidae        

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 --
-- (Ambleminae

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 3 0 2 3 1 1 45.0
  +----- Unioninae **       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **      

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 --
-- (Anodontini

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 --
-- (Anodontini

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 0 0 0 --
  +-- Gonideinae **
--+             
  +-- Ambleminae **

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 2 1 1 --
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 --
-- (Anodontini

Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 1 1 1 --
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **      

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 3 0 2 3 1 1 45.0
  +----- Ambleminae **      
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **       

Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 2 11 11 1 --
  +----- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Ambleminae **      

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4-M

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 --
-- (Anodontini

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
2 2 0 1 0 0 0 --
-- (Anodontini

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 --
-- Unio_pictorum

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 7 7 1 --
  +-- Unioninae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 4 1 1 --
-- Unio_pictorum

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 9 8 1 --
  +-- Ambleminae **      
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 --
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Ambleminae **      

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 8 8 1 --
  +-- Unioninae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 2 2 1 --
  +-- Gonideinae **      
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 --
  +-- Unioninae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 9 8 1 --
  +-- Ambleminae **      
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Välilä et al., 2017 [Publ 3793], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 2 2 1 --
  +-- Gonideinae **      
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 19 1 1 --
  +-- Unioninae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Baker et al., 2003 [Publ 2690], fig. 5

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 7 0 0 --
-- Epioblasma_triquetra

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 3 3 1 --
  +-- Gonideinae **      
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Baker et al., 2004 [Publ 2685], fig. 2-3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 8 0 0 --
-- Epioblasma_triquetra

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 8 8 1 --
  +-- Unioninae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 --
-- Unio_pictorum

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 4 1 1 --
-- Unio_pictorum

Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 1_2b

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 12 11 1 --
  +-- Gonideinae **      
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 8 8 1 --
  +-- Unioninae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 --
-- Unio_pictorum

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 7 6 1 --
  +-- Unioninae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae

Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2

iT tT bi riS oT roT roS iD
1 1 0 1 5 1 1 --
  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                   
  +-- Unioninae **       

Page updated: 14:53:53 Wed 04 Dec 2024

 
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